Diary of Lady Murasaki Response Questions

Diary of Lady Murasaki Response Questions 1. Drawing evidence from the text, describe Lady Murasaki. Who is she? What is important to her? How important is she politically? Why do you think she keeps her diary? What are her frustrations with life at court? How typical/atypical is she as a woman in Heian Japan? Lady Murasaki was a Japanese poet at the Imperial court and served under Empress Shoshi. She writes this diary during her experiences at court and she finds the life of a lady-in-waiting, or a servant that has social certainty, and the events that are unfolded in court are important. She describes in her diary how she feels helpless at court and she is unhappy with her low rank in society compared to others in the Fujiwara clan which frustrates her, but makes her more inclined to write about it and keep a diary. She is a pretty typical woman in Heian Japan, but she often writes about how the other court women were less educated than her and that she was stronger-willed. 2. What does the text reveal about the political world of Heian Japan? What is the role of the emperor? What is the role of the regent? Which is more ‘important’? How do people gain and maintain political power? What happens to those who lose political power? During the Heian period of Japan the land was controlled by family clans and whoever was the most powerful family held the most importance. Within the family there is also ranks of political power branching down from the Emperor and Empress, but most of the other ranks are all related to each other through the family clan. The Emperor is the head of the family clan is said to be in that position by a heavenly right, while a regent is more of a governor addressing political issues. Both are important, but while the Emperor is the symbol of the people and their unity, the regent sparingly makes the differences in how the people get to live. 3. What does the text reveal about the roles of men in Heian Japan? How are they identified? What is their role in the family, in politics, in religion, in military? How much power and what type of power do men have? What do you find surprising about what is considered important/unimportant for men during Heian Japan? Why? Men controlled the majority of society as like any culture during this time period. The military was solely inhabited by men as was the political power, but women were allowed to be present in court and other social events. They had a good education and if they were in a political position they learned Chinese because it was used for legal documents and record keeping. 4. What does the text reveal about the roles of women in Heian Japan? How are they identified? What is their role in the family, in politics, in religion? How much and what type of power do women have? What do you find surprising about what is considered important/unimportant for women during Heian Japan? Why? Women during this time were surprisingly better off than in other centuries. They were excluded from public affairs, but involved in court as we can see in the diary. They were also educated and involved with events around the palace such as ceremonies, weddings, and poetry reciting. Women had to know how to dress correctly, but once they did they were expected to learn to dress very formally and elegantly. 5. What does the text reveal about social classes and social mores in Heian Japan? What are the differences between the social classes? How does social class affect the way people live and the political power they wield? What are the social expectations for men and women? What is good behavior/what is bad behavior? Does any of this surprise you? Most of Japan’s social class was in agriculture and lived outside the city walls and never entered the palace. Within the palace there are a separate set of social classes. The Emperor and Empress will always sit at the top of the ladder, but amongst everyone else there are strict guidelines to follow. Passages in the diary describe the uses of colors in clothing and how some colors shouldn’t be worn by certain social classes. The diary also accounts hat giving presents alter throughout social class. Nobles get the best gift and then the different ranks of courtiers, first rank being the highest and sixth rank one of the lowest. What does the text reveal about religion in Heian Japan? What is the role of religion? What type of religion do you see represented? What are the religious concerns of Lady Murasaki? What do her religious concerns reveal about life in Heian Japan? The religion of Shintoism can be seen with the heavenly right for the Emperor to rule over the people within his family clan name and to protect the imperial family. During the birth of Fujiwara no Michinaga, towards the beginning, Murasaki writes about the Buddhist priests coming and performing exorcisms and warding off evil. Lady Murasaki later writes that she â€Å"immerses [herself] in reading sutras for Amida Buddha†, which shows what kind of religious practices she participates in. All of these religions being present throughout the diary tells that religion is at a point of uncertainty in Heian Japan and there are many influences that come with them.

Appendix A: Barclay’s employees Essay

Barclay’s Bank Organizational Strategy and Employee Morale September 15, 2007? Contents Barclays Bank 3 Roadmap-Thesis 5 Interview Results 5 Academic Research Recommendations for Improvement 7 Conclusion 10 References 12 Appendix A: Barclay’s Employees 14 Appendix B Employee Interviews 15 Appendix C: Framework For Improvement 19 ? Barclays Bank Barclays is the third largest bank in the United Kingdom. The bank can trace its roots back to 1690 in London. The name â€Å"Barclay† first arose in 1736. Today the bank is a global financial service provider operating in the UK, Europe, United States, and Africa. The bank’s headquarters are at One Churchill Place in Canary Wharf, in London’s Docklands, having moved there in May 2005 from Lombard Street in the City of London. Barclay’s US headquarters are in Wilmington, Delaware where it acquired the former Juniper Bank (Answers Barclays Bank 2006). Barclays is a UK-based financial services group, with a very large international presence in Europe, the USA, Africa and Asia. It is engaged primarily in banking, investment banking and investment management. In terms of market capitalisation, Barclays is one of the largest financial services companies in the world (Barclays Newsroom 2006). Barclays has been involved in banking for over 300 years and operates in over 60 countries with more than 113,000 permanent employees (including 33,500 at Absa). For the year ended 31st December 2005, the group achieved a pre-tax profit of ? 5,280 million, up fifteen per cent on 2004. In 2005 Barclays paid approximately ? 3 billion in taxes (Barclays Newsroom 2006). Customers are served through a variety of channels comprising: the branch network, cash machines, telephone banking, online banking and relationship managers. It is managed through two business areas, UK Retail Banking and UK Business Banking. In UK Retail Banking there are 14 million retail customers, including current accounts, savings, mortgages, and general insurance (Barclays Newsroom 2006). Local Business provides banking services to 592,000 customers; UK Premier provides banking, investment products and advice to 286,000 affluent customers (Barclays Newsroom 2006). UK Business Banking provides relationship banking to larger and medium-sized businesses. 183, 000 customers are served by a network of relationship and industry sector specialist managers (Barclays Newsroom 2006). Barclay’s strategic objective is to â€Å"To deliver top quartile total shareholder return relative to our peers, consistently over time† (Barclays p 2 2004). The company focuses directly on increasing shareholder value rather than employee retention and morale. Barclay’s does not have a directly available mission and values statement that is visible to the external environment. The internal environment at Barclay’s is one of traditional top-down management. The corporate culture at Barclay’s maintains a hierarchy of experience and education, where the management team places a large amount of focus on meeting the shareholder strategy. According to Barclay’s â€Å"In recent months, we have taken a number of steps to enhance further our corporate governance practices. We have expanded the remit of the Remuneration Committee to cover strategic human resource issues† (Barclay’s 2004 p 3). These strategic changes included: â€Å"continued and upgraded our investment in established; programs for the community, equality and diversity, and the environment; built on our reputation as a pioneer and leader in the field of financial inclusion; excellent terms and conditions for colleagues impacted by offshore outsourcing; developed a clear statement on human rights, and continued our participation in the Business Leaders Initiative on Human Rights; and made good progress in adapting our branches and offices to be fully accessible to customers with disabilities (Barclays p 12 2004). Barclay’s did not, however, remunerate a corporate strategy or mission to address its near 20% turnover rate which has been continuous and barely changing for the past three years, an indication that Barclay’s focus is on stakeholder value and not developing or addressing employee morale. However, Barclays does have a large focus on community service, receiving the â€Å"2004 National Business Award for Corporate Social Responsibility† (Barclays p 12 2004). (Barclays p 47 2005) ? Appendix B Employee Interviews Employee 1 What is your job and role at Barclay’s? I am a telephone operator and sales advisor, working both the phone lines and desk. Sales advisors are front-line employees performing work at the transaction level. We are dedicated to customer satisfaction and providing great service. We want to provide great service but recognize the challenges in improving the work processes. What are your beliefs about Barclay’s strategic objective? Our philosophy is client centred. I believe the clients have ultimate knowledge of themselves and that the banker’s job is to draw out this information and insight, help clients organize it, and stimulate clients to use their funds better. What are these challenges in improving the work process? Office politics at all levels, particularly where reports of motivation and such are concerned, there is sometimes when they call out the good, and embarrassingly the bad also. Sometimes leadership is motivational but not always. So, if you have a good idea and you don’t hobnob with the management, you are not going to be listened to. The same is true if you are having a problem, or a customer is being overly abrasive towards you. It can be a little insane. Can you explain the leadership strategy in motivation? They focus on certain people and not the whole department or team. Favoritism is the â€Å"coin of the realm† in my department. The â€Å"code of silence† dictates that discipline must be administered when broken and rewarded with favor when adhered to, in contrast to a system where one is encouraged to excel. My department operates more on the prison model of behavior control. What are your beliefs about Barclay’s strategic objective? Our philosophy is client centred. I believe the clients have ultimate knowledge of themselves and that the banker’s job is to draw out this information and insight, help clients organize it, and stimulate clients to use their funds better. What do Barclay’s mission and value statements mean to you? Value of an open, thoughtful and complementary approach to quality informed customers and developing customer loyalty. a planned and systematic approach to quality including ensuring that the results of monitoring and evaluation are fed back in order to effect improvement. How does Barclay’s leadership ensure proper monitoring and evaluation? Use of internal performance/service benchmarks is not enough although several recognized performance indicators are used by managers, but customer satisfaction information should be requested for each purchasing transaction. There is a lack of cooperative work processes and supporting information systems which negatively impact customer service. What kind of customer service do you try to perform? I believe in being responsive to what the customer wants as opposed to what she ought to have. With service, you also always tell the truth as you see it. I put a lot of emphasis on contracting-what can I do for her that will be of value to her in that time frame. Does leadership help you want to provide good customer service? Leadership has not helped me want to provide customer service. Not everyone is a decent human being. Not all are treated with respect. Someone seriously rude in the office and nothing is done as it is not viewed as wrong. Employee 2: What is your job and role at Barclay’s? I provide telephone customer service. What are your beliefs about Barclay’s strategic objective? There is an emphasis on customer service as a driver of business performance. What does customer service entail? I have to have an in-depth understanding of various components including stock option and restricted share award processes; eligibility requirements; and knowledge of plan design, alternative practices and business needs/issues and I use this to help the customer build their best banking services. I have to be able to track and monitor customer accounts and customer service. Does Barclays give you frequent training and all the materials you need to do your job? No. I wish I had access to more ongoing training program for customer service as what I do is quite complex and precision is very important so the customer’s bank accounts are all correct. Some managers are really willing to help you out. Others talk to you like you are an idiot for asking for help. It is a half and half shot at getting training or help with something, unless it comes from corporate management. How does corporate management get information or motivation to you? I don’t think corporate has motivated anyone. They send training videos or PowerPoint presentations explaining the importance of customer service, but what I really want is more technical training so I can give better customer service. I’m already polite and courteous. How do your direct leaders motivate you to give good customer service? Management appears to want to make this an issue and an expectation that everyone should jump on board. If someone becomes ostracized or somehow made less because they don’t buy into the hubbub, it seems we’ve just created a worse problem. It’s almost a Catch-22, I’m not engaged all the way because they don’t give me what I really need and I get treated like I’m a moron, but they expect me to always smile and be happy, even when the manager is quite literally rolling her eyes at me. It’s a terrible, rude atmosphere at least half of the time. What about the other half of the time? How do you feel about ‘engaging’ with your job? I am not sure how to respond. I talk to customers and do what they ask as quickly as possible and sometimes I make recommendations for better banking, but I don’t know how this engages the customer one way or the other. ? Appendix C: Framework For Improvement.

Porters Force Analysis On Leisure Cruise Industry

The universe economic system has been engulfed by strong international competition. Porter has argued that scheme equates how any steadfast competes against others in its concern. He argued that scheme is non merely a series of theoretical accounts at the corporate degree of scheme. The scheme includes analysing possible entrants, providers, purchasers, replacements and rivals. He describes the competitory forces determining an industry in his six forces theoretical account of industrial competition. By analysing the forces, one assesses the forces driving competition in an industry and evaluates the odds of a house successfully come ining and viing in an industry. The forces are includes: possible entrants with their menace of entry, providers with their bargaining power, purchasers with their bargaining power, industry rivals with their competition among existing houses, and replacements with their menace of utility service or merchandise and. Government engagement is another force that affects any industry[ I ]. The full leisure industry is composed of bomber industries including gambling, sail, lodging, athleticss installations, travel and touristry and vocational ownership. Cruise is one of the fastest turning sectors in the leisure industry which ensures that people basking their holidaies get conveyance installations. Under this sector, the companies which largely operate are transporting companies which transport people in leisure from one topographic point to another. The companies include AIDA Cruises, Celebrity Cruise, Cunard line, Disney Cruise Line, Holland American Line, Ocean Village, Princes Cruises, Royal Caribbea International and Seabourn Curise Line. All these named operate in Florida under the umbrella organic structure Florida-Carebbean Cruise Association ( Maya, 2010 )[ two ]. This is an industry of merriment characterized monolithic investings. Taking Ocean Village as an illustration of companies stand foring the full industry, this research paper will analyse the six po rter forces that affect the industry[ three ]. Buyers and dickering power In the industry, purchasers are traveler traveling for vocational Tourss, leisure activities and all that pertains to fun. Buyer power is the capableness of purchasers, their agents, and clients of the industry to act upon the monetary value charged and footings of purchase. If purchasers ‘ power is high, so the net income borders of the houses runing in the industry tends to be low. If the purchasers are organized and are few, so their power is high. The industry whose purchaser power is high tends to be unattractive to new investors since the realized net incomes are usually low ( Peng, 2009, p. 42 ) . In this sail sector of the leisure industry, purchasers are few and be given to be organized. Therefore, Ocean Village Company feels the force per unit area of good organized purchasers who have high-bargaining powers. The industry represents purchasers from higher economic and societal category who can form and inquire for their rights in the industry. They are willing to pass their money for leisure services therefore do non see much impact on pricing every bit long as they get choice services. Ocean Village Company has tried to include some other services to do any ocean trip successful and pull more clients. These include the wellness installations provided within the company and adjustment characteristics offered to travellers. Potential entrants and entry barriers When a company and industry in general, is doing net incomes, other investors think of embarking into that industry so that they enjoy the net incomes realized. This creates a inquiry of how the incumbent houses within the industry attempt to make barriers for new entrants. The executives of the industry attempt to make barriers even if it means passing some money on the same undertaking[ four ]. If the current houses in the industry can maintain possible entrants at bay, the full topic of competition and its impacts on the incumbent houses ‘ net incomes become moot. The menace of new houses to come in an industry is low if the incumbent houses have high powers to act upon monetary values, control resources and determine the nature of competition within the industry. In Florida, the industry has organized its houses and formed an association to cover with such affairs. The association, Florida-Caribbean Cruise Association, protect the houses from any external entrants every bit much as possible. It has partnered with the authorities to put high criterions for any house that wish to come in into the industry. This makes possible investors be scared off from come ining such a market hence the industry can be classified as basking the powers to protect its current signifiers from the possible entrants. Suppliers and their bargaining power Supplier power is the capableness of sellers to make up one's mind the monetary values and footings of supply. Suppliers include sellers of labour, natural stuffs, and capital goods. If their power is high, so the net income borders of the incumbent houses tend to be low. Such low net income borders make an industry unattractive to possible entrants. The being of many providers indicates low provider power, and frailty versa. Firms in the industry rely on many supplier classs to carry through its services. The major providers of the industry are those that supply fuel to houses in the industry. Shell Company[ V ]is the chief provider of fuel in the industry but there are other possible companies which can provide. Ocean Village Company has entered into understanding its providers on footings of sale which are non altered till the understanding period expires. Substitute merchandises and services The handiness of replacements for an industry ‘s merchandises and services alters the power of the incumbent houses. As the handiness of replacement merchandises and services rises and the easy of replacement additions, the power of incumbent houses to command monetary values and footings of concern diminutions. In the instance of this industry, the replacement might be air hose conveyance, rail and route. However, they do non supply the intended services the purchaser wants when taking. Cruise industry provides diversion installations, good environment in H2O and others that a individual on leisure activities needs. This makes the industry enjoy limited replacement merchandises and services. The power of the houses runing in the industry is hence high. Rivals and competition Competitive competition is the extent to which houses respond to competitory moves of other houses in the same industry. In some industries like sail industry, â€Å" gentleman ‘s understanding † exists whereby houses respect one another ‘s market niches and follow a â€Å" unrecorded and allow unrecorded † scheme ( Ireland et al, 2008, p. 82 ) . The industry has formed an association which deals with such issues as competition and unwanted behaviours within the industry. This reduces competition and competition within the industry doing the companies operated in a friendly mode. They are associated to supply better and quality clients to leisure clients and there is no demand to vie in the disbursal of the industry and consumers. In other sectors within the larger leisure industry, a â€Å" dog eat Canis familiaris †[ six ]thought prevails, cutthroat competition is the regulation and competitory moves are smartly encountered. This happens in hotel bo mber industry since many houses exist here. Government engagement This is another force, although non normally talked as, which influences any industry. It is a demand for the houses in any industry to follow with all authorities ordinances including enrollment, paying revenue enhancements and be responsible to the environment. Government engagement determines the profitableness of an industry. Sometimes, the authorities comes in to protect its consumers from development by houses in any industry[ seven ]. They can make up one's mind to command monetary values and quality of services offered. The sum of revenue enhancement charged besides reduces the company operating in that industry ‘s net incomes. It can be realized that in Florida, the authorities ensures that the safety of crewmans is maximal and the quality of services offered is optimum. Since the house operates in H2O, it is supposed to keep high criterions to protect the environment, H2O in this instance. Harmonizing to Kassing ( 2006 )[ eight ], Government provides substructure for all commercial diversion and touristry endeavors. However, the authorities engagement in this industry is minimum. This is because the industry does non offer basic trade goods which would do the authorities intervene to command monetary values. The company enjoys authorities protection from sea challengers. The demands the authorities has put in footings of new entrants are excessively affecting doing the industry one of those that are difficult to come in into by new companies. Decision The forces determine profitableness of any industry as they influence the costs, monetary values, and needed investing of houses in that peculiar industry. Buyers power influence the monetary values Ocean Village Company and any other company can bear down. It besides has an influence on investing cost since sceptered purchasers asks for expensive services. Supplier ‘s bargaining powers influences input costs like fuel. The competition influences monetary values and viing costs. On the other manus, entry menace bounds monetary value charged and makes incumbent houses invest to avoid it ( porter, 1985, p. 7 ) . The Florida based companies runing in the sail industry formed an association, Florida-Caribbean Cruise Association, which has changed the industry construction. They agree on how to carry on concerns, how to make entry barriers and common characteristics to follow so as to fulfill their clients in Leisure-Cruise industry. It is a strong association of houses that have ma de the industry one of the popular in Florida and profitable.

Resume and cover letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Resume and cover letter - Essay Example This has made me more capable in handling certain circumstances under extreme pressure. I do realize that many jobs in the business world require a person to have a strong and stable character which can handle a stressful environment. I can do this. I have been attempting to bring improvements into my life since reaching the United States 10 years ago and my educational progress has only been one of the areas that I have found to bring remarkable attributes for myself. Due to the fact that my sister is already an employee of your company I have learned a great deal about the skills that would be required for the position of a ‘program specialist’ with the business. I am aware that I would need to have dedication and a good deal of knowledge in online marketing and with advertising programs as well. My educational training has earned me a degree that covers these various areas so I feel totally confident that I would be an asset to your company, which is my main goal. I also am aware that excellent verbal and other communication skills are a must in order to work for the company and I am proud to say that I have developed my English skills most proficiently and could be viewed almost as a native speaker. Also, I do believe I have a great personality and am easy going, and very willing to work along side others in a collaborative type of environment to achieve the company’s goal. Most importantly for myself, I want to be employed with a company that has longevity and values its employees, which I am certain that your business can do as I have heard nothing but positive remarks about the company. In order to give a better view of my skills and past experiences through the education and employment that I have acquired my resume is attached. I look forward to hearing from your company and am hoping for a

Two Descriptions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Two Descriptions - Essay Example With tears of grief in my eyes, I looked helplessly at the pale moon. Imagining my father’s face in the moon, to me the thin strands of black clouds across it appeared as black hair combed back across the top of my father’s head. The sky was crying with me, I stared at her as she turned her beautifully sculptured face towards the sky once again as if remembering that dear one once again and gave out a cry of grief. My heart cried with her and the dark night cried with us too. The roar of the thunder made me cry even more and as I watched her disappear along the street, I once again became aware of my loneliness. The night seemed to engulf me into its eerie darkness and helplessly I eyed the rain drops sliding down my window pane as tears rolled down my face. From the kitchen window, one night I saw a beautiful woman playfully jerking back her rain sleeked coat with such joy that people crossing the road turned around to laugh with her. Rain drops drizzled off the brim of her beautiful hat. Tonight the rain was exceptionally serene and I wanted to dance to the rhythm of the falling raindrops. I gazed out at the happy woman as she lifted her face up to the sky and smiled at the moon. I followed her gaze and stared at the faint moon peeking from the dark wisps of clouds. I imagined my father’s smiling face in the moon, to me the thin strands of black clouds across it appeared as black hair combed back across the top of my father’s head. The sky seemed to shed tears of happiness as I laughed out loud remembering my father’s little pranks. The woman danced gingerly on the damp street and turned her gaze once again to the smiling moon. Rain drops kissed her face as she closed her eyes and lifted her face up to the sky. The rain droplets seemed to tinkle her face because she gave out a cry of joy and pleasure. I laughed with her as the sky brightened with lightening and the thunder

Describe a SPECIFIC room Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Describe a SPECIFIC room - Essay Example There is multimedia equipment also present in the room and is put at the top, close to the ceiling, because it is a very expensive item and can get damaged. There are about 6 rows and each row has six chairs. Thus the class can accommodate more than 30 students. The desks are also movable but are vey heavy to actually be moved around. There is a computer lying in one corner on which multimedia slides are run. The door is on the right top corner of the room and is big enough to let 3 people pass at a time. The windows are full length both on the right and the left. The right ones overlook the garden, while the left ones open in the hallway. Lighting is considered an important component of good classroom design and attention has been paid to this. There is adequate artificial lighting that complements natural light coming from big windows. The classroom is roomy, adequately illuminated and clean. Interestingly there is only one door for such a big classroom. This must be because of the architecture and also because a back door can make it easier for students to sneak out. There is rostrum where teachers make their lectures but no teacher stands still behind the rostrum. They keep moving around and pacing the room to make the class more interested in the subject.

Computers and Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Computers and Marketing - Essay Example It is inevitable that with most people doing things on-line, marketing and advertising executive are now also going on-line. Internet traffic continues to surge with more people going for convenience, ease and security of transacting their business on-line. Advertisers naturally go where the people are. Discussion Advertising serves a dual purpose: commercial, as when promoting a new product or a new service, and secondly, as a public service (such as broadcasting weather reports). But the essence of advertising has always been primarily commercial in nature. Advertising industry executives always find creative ways to post their ad messages and this is almost everywhere: in newspapers, magazines, giant billboards, moving billboards (such truck-side advertising or even on the bodies of airplanes like the Irish budget airline Ryanair) or in broadcasting such as radio and television. The latest media are digital Web sites on Internet and digital mobile devices such as cellular phones. It seems there is no escaping these ubiquitous advertisements. Like most people of my generation, I spend a considerable time of my waking hours on the Internet.

Current Issues in Health Care Administration Article

Current Issues in Health Care Administration - Article Example In this regard there are reforms which are currently being instituted aiming to extend the coverage to more than 30 million uninsured U.S. residents through a huge expansion of Medicaid and establish new federal health insurance premium subsidies. In Kansas City, there are primary health care facilities from more than 20 hospitals providing over 5,000 beds covered by 435 congressional districts. The article specifically outlined how the congressional districts categorized businesses in Kansas City who would avail of the health reforms. The distinguishing characteristic is the size of the business depending on the number of employees and wages. The following chart will clearly illustrate the proposed reform: In addition, the districts were subdivided according to the local representatives who govern them. The following table illustrates the number of residents covered, number of businesses eligible for tax credits and exchanges. Whatever controversies or skepticism that this plan might face, it is important to realize that America’s health care system needs to be immediately rehabilitated to better address the needs of the

U.S history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

U.S history - Essay Example Brazil was the only exception – there slavery was abolished later than in the US. However, the period of independent existence of this country was much shorter. Severe nature of the Northern states provided appropriate conditions for the industrial development. The local model of economy required highly motivated and skilled workers. Of course, the quality of slave labor could not meet these requirements. On the other hand, plantation economy of the South was in need of mass low-qualified labor force. The institute of slavery seemed to be a perfect solution. The bigger the plantation was, the more slaves its owner needed. Thus, the economic advancement of the Southern states was rather fast-paced. Unpaid slave labor became its integral component. The economy has been especially profitable from the 1840s until the beginning of the Civil War. Cotton, its main export product, was one of the most important factors of its success. The demand for cotton was really high in European countries, especially in Great Britain. In addition, the prices for cotton tended to increase. People used to call cotton â€Å"the King†. Southern plantations supplied 75% of the worlds cotton by 1860 – it accounted almost 50% of the export of the US. The agrarian slave-owning South and the industrial North used to be independent economic regions in the early 19th century. Each state could pursue its own economic policy. Despite the constant population increase and economic development, the flow of integration processes was rather slow. The North required resources from the South, especially cotton. At the same time, the South was in need of machinery from the North. That is why the coexistence of these two regions had been peaceful and mutually profitable for a long time. However, a number of contradictions emerged soon. One of the most disputed issues related to the institute of slavery. It is possible to provide many examples. Fugitive slaves is one of them.

Psychopharmacology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychopharmacology - Essay Example COX-2 inhibitors block the action of an enzyme used throughout the body to make a large and diverse family of compounds called prostanoids that are involved in regulating myriad physiological actions, including inflammation, blood clotting and protection of the stomach lining from the destructive effects of digestive acids (Brown, 2004). Congress is questioning why the FDA didn't force Merck to study Vioxx's heart risk sooner. Merck is facing hundreds of lawsuits and potentially billions of dollars in damages from Vioxx. Pfizer, the makers of Celebrex, which is a rival of Vioxx, have not yet pulled the popular painkiller off the market, although Celebrex also increases cardiovascular diseases. Celebrex, approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1998 for arthritis pain, has been prescribed to 27 million Americans and is the world's most widely prescribed arthritis drug ("Pfizer cites", 2005). Zoloft, Prozac and Paxil, known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or SSRIs, are antidepressants and act by enhancing the signals in nerves that transmit messages with serotonin, a neurotransmitter. , which are chemicals that are used to relay and modulate electrical signals between a neuron and another cell, are removed from the synaptic cleft by a process called reuptake. These drugs act on the neurotransmitter serotonin within the cell by delaying the reuptake process, thereby increasing the serotonergic effect. The regulators at the Food and Drug Administration ordered that all antidepressant drugs carry a prominent ‘black box’ warning to alert doctors that the medications increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior among children and adolescents.

Probation, Parole, and Intermediate Sanctions Essay

Probation, Parole, and Intermediate Sanctions - Essay Example Finally, the paper will close with a review on the ethical issues that surrounds the correction processes, approaches and facilities. Crime and community safety have been the most disturbing issues across the entire world since time immemorial. Criminal activities carried within communities have caused unrest and state of confusion as most people fear for the safety of their lives and property. It is due to adverse effects of crimes on communities that legal professionals and security personnel came up with strategies of arresting, examining, rehabilitating and incarcerating individual criminals to restore peace, sanity and confidence in particular communities. Historically, criminal activities were assumed to be caused by evil spirits and therefore, individual criminals were taken to the public for severe punishment as deterrence to other potential activities. Revolution took place in history of crime justice and community safety and gave rise to alternative models of discouraging and ending criminal activities. Among the notable revolutionized ways of handling criminal activities include parole, probation and in termediate sanctions. Schmalleger (2012) avers that the three methods of handling crime justice and community safety have been experiencing pendulum effects due back and forth review and exercise. Patersilia (1998) asserts that probation and parole have been misunderstood as the only approaches to ensuring community safety and criminal justice. Despite the similarities in the application of parole and probation modes of enforcing criminal justice, the difference occurs in the manner in which each is ignited and set to work. Probation according to Patersilia (1998) is an execution process involving the sentencing of criminal offenders to serve in the community projects as opposed to incarceration. Parole involves release of an offender from

Information and computer technology on banking Essay Example for Free

Information and computer technology on banking Essay For over a decade, the rapid advancement in information and communication technology has significantly affected the banking industry. The banking sector has embraced the use of technology to serve its client’s faster and also to do more with less. Emerging technologies have changed the banking industry from paper and branch based banks to â€Å"digitized and networked banking services†. Unlike before, broadband internet is cheap and it makes the transfer of data easy and first. Technology has changed the accounting and management system of all banks. And it is now changing the way how banks are delivering services to their customers. However this technology comes at a cost, implementing all this technology has been expensive but the rewards are limitless. The banking sector was one of the first to embrace rapid globalization and benefit significantly from IT development. The technological revolution in banking started in the 1950s, with the installation of the first automated bookkeeping machines at banks. This was well before the other industries became IT savvy. However, in Bangladesh the revolution started in 1990s. Present Status: A good number of technology driven services are provided to the customers by the Private Commercial Banks (PCBs), Foreign Commercial Banks (FCBs)and Nationalized Commercial Banks (NCBs). The FCBs operating in Bangladesh like Standard Chartered Bank and HSBCare the pioneers to introduce technology driven banking facilities. Thesebanks provide services like ATM, debit card, credit card, Point of Sale (POS)services, internet banking, phone banking, any branch banking, ElectronicFund Transfer (EFT). Along with these services Standard Chartered Bank isproviding KIOSK service to its customers. Among the local banks, the PCBs are ahead of the NCBs in providingtechnology driven banking services. A limited number of technology drivenservices are being provided by the private Islamic banks in Bangladesh. For sending foreign remittance NCBs and some PCBs are working collaboratively with mobile phone service operators. Application of computer based services in Bangladesh: Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT), SWIFT and MICR cheque are being provided by all the banks. All the banks except Uttara Bank are providing any branch banking to the customers. All banks have debit card facilities for their clients except Citi Bank NA. First Security Islami Bank Limited, Uttara Bank Limited and Citi Bank NA have no own ATM booth. First Security Islami BankLimited is going to establish their own ATM booth. They have already selected the palce for 100 ATM booth and expect to launch within very short possible time.

Translation Essays Sir Frank Whittle

Translation Essays Sir Frank Whittle The pioneering work of Sir Frank Whittle in developing the jet engine. The pioneering work of Sir Frank Whittle in developing the jet engine helped transform the way civil aviation operates today.   Indeed, it is probably true to say that without the jet airliner, there would be no package holiday business today and air travel would have remained an exclusive activity.   However, the invention of the jet alone did not make these changes possible.   Aircraft manufacturers too had their part to play in building aircraft types that were economic to operate for airlines.   There are a variety of important aircraft models, all equally impressive in their own rights, which helped shape the air travel business.   We shall focus on three of the most notable product lines: The Boeing 77 series, the McDonnell-Douglas DC-10 series, and the Airbus 300 series, all of which have utilized varying degrees of speed, fuel efficiency, service, and passenger capacity to make air travel accessible and attractive to the common person. It is worth briefly mentioning here that the American aircraft manufacturers had a built-in advantage in the jet passenger craft market coming out of World War II, for a fairly straightforward reason:   The American aircraft industry was completely undamaged, in contrast to the European and Asian companies which had been devastated.   So aircraft manufacturer Boeing, makers of workhouse American bombers such as the B-17 and B-29, was well-poised to enter and dominate the commercial jet aircraft arena.   The first commercially successful venture, unsurprisingly, was the Boeing ‘7X7’ Series, four-engine large-payload jets, the first of which was the 707.   This remarkable craft was airborne within two years of the announcement of the project’s commencement, taking to the skies on May 14, 1954 on its first test flight, and carrying its first commercial passengers a relatively short time later (December 20 1957), thanks to Pan American Airways’ agreemen t with Boeing to purchase and operate a large number of 707s to form the backbone of Pan Am’s worldwide fleet.   The first model, the 707-120 (medium-range jets), carried up to 181 passengers, and subsequent versions including the 707-320 (longer-range jets), carried up to 200 passengers.   Cruising speeds for the 707 reached up to 1000 kilometers per hour, making even international travel a speedy, convenient, and more affordable process.   In all, 1,010 707s in its various incarnations were produced in an astonishingly lengthy commercial production run from 1954 to 1978.   (Boeing continued to produce 707s for the military until 1991.) The American passenger airline business benefited greatly from government deregulation in the 1970s, opening the way for an explosion comprised of a perfect storm of more carriers, lower prices, and higher customer demand.   The aging 707 series, venerable as it was, simply did not carry enough passengers or boast adequate fuel efficiency to remain economically feasible for production and continued use.   Some airline industry analysts felt Boeing was slow to realize this, but the company responded with remarkable agility by announcing in 1966 that it would begin production of a line of so-called ‘jumbo jets’ within four years, spurred again by a huge order from Pan Am, who was gambling on twenty-five brand new jets, sight unseen.   This was no minor undertaking – the development and production of this revolutionary new behemoth airplane nearly bankrupted Boeing.  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1970 right on its announced schedule, yet against all outside predictions Boein g introduced the 747, a colossal double-decker jet which will have held the record for largest size jet until late 2006, when it will be surpassed by the introduction of Airbus Industries’ A380 (more on the Airbus later). Like the 707, Boeing’s 747s were rolled out in a progression of improving and size-varied series, ranging from the 747-100 to the 747-400s. Though the 747’s cruising speed is a tad slower than the 707 (910 kilometers per hour), the latest models transport an astonishing amount of human cargo between 415 and 525 passengers (up from the earliest models’ 374-passenger maximum).   Its better fuel efficiency, compared to the 707s, allowed it to travel longer distances without refueling, as well, for example, from New York to Hong Kong nonstop.   In addition to meeting the market demand of more people to fly for less money, the 747 also accommodated those who were willing and able to pay more to fly in style.   Another clever feature of the 747 was the refinement of the idea of different ‘classes’ of passenger service.   The original evolution of passenger air flight in general, not just the 747, was simply along the lines of making air travel affordable for the maximum number of people.   Once this goal was achieved, the airlines modified their business plans to accommodate the fact that certain travelers, particularly those traveling for business purposes, would be willing to pay higher fares for added amenities such as larger seating, better food, free alcoholic beverages, priority boarding, etc.   The 747’s upper deck was designed for such so-called ‘first-class’ passengers and Boeing produced, for various airlines, a variety of configurations that included such amenities as a piano lounge and standup cocktail bars for its more upscale clientele.   In all, over 1,200 747s have been produced, and with the advent of the 747-8 series in late 2005, the line lives on.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another important jet was McDonnell-Douglas’ DC-10, which flew its first passenger flight in 1971.   It was designed to compete directly with Boeing’s 747 and its creation, like the 747, was spurred in large part by the demand from a particular airline.   In the DC-10’s case, American Airlines specifically asked McDonnell-Douglas if it could manufacture a plane capable of flying the same long routes as the 747 but which could accommodate shorter runways and standard gate sizes found at many airports.   The result was a three-engine aircraft that could carry between 250 and 380 passengers in its various incarnations.   Its speed was essentially comparable to the 747, at 982 kilometers per hour, with less fuel consumption, again making it more affordable.   United Airlines, pleased with the results of McDonnell-Douglas’ fruits, also purchased a number of DC-10s.   Unfortunately, the DC-10 was not to have as celebrated an era of service as the 747 .   In the 1970s, several horrific and well-publicized disasters occurred involving DC-10s that were traced to design flaws.   The most noteworthy of these problems was the design of the cargo doors.   Most passenger jets utilized designs in which the doors opened inward; the DC-10 cargo door opened outwards, requiring a complex and heavy locking mechanism to withstand the heavy outward-directed force of cabin pressurization.   The locking mechanism was prone to a variety of dangerous pitfalls, ranging from human error to mechanical failure, any of which could cause a catastrophic blowout of the door.  Ã‚   There were a few near-misses in the early 1970s in which a door failed, including a 1972 incident in Detroit, but no accidents transpired.   Tragically, however, a complete and utter disaster befell a Turkish Airlines DC-10 on March 3, 1974.   The plane took off from Orly airport in Paris; within seconds, its cargo door blew out and the resulting depressurization se vered the control cables, rendering the aircraft unmanageable by the pilots.  Ã‚   The plane crashed 77 seconds after takeoff into the dense Ermenonville forest outside of Paris, shredding the plane and its passengers to ribbons.   All 364 people aboard were killed.   Subsequent investigations by the French and American governments revealed that McDonnell-Douglas was well aware of defects in the cargo door design, but made inadequate efforts to correct it.   Under legal pressure and rebellion from passengers who simply refused to fly on a DC-10, McDonnell-Douglas corrected the flaw.   But after yet another catastrophic crash of a DC-10 in 1979 at Chicago O’Hare airport, the DC-10 never regained its footing and eventually, production was halted in 1988 after a comparably small production run of 446 planes, ending what could have been a healthier competition between the 747 and DC-10 that would have continued to benefit airlines in their fierce competition for passeng ers. Lastly, Airbus Industries’ Airbus model is important to mention, both for its successful, albeit relatively short track record and the simple fact that it is not a product of American design and manufacturing.   Airbus was formed in 1967 by a consortium of European aviation manufacturers with the express purpose to compete with Boeing’s overwhelming dominance in the passenger jet market.   In the intervening 38 years, Airbus has fought a pitched battle with Boeing, both politically and commercially, and achieved remarkable parity. It narrowly edged out Boeing in total number of orders received in 2005, 1055 jets to 1002.   Airbus did not get off to an auspicious beginning, however.   Only 81 of its A300 model were in service by 1979 despite its entry into the world market in 1974.   However, the introduction of the A320 model in 1981 was a smashing success, with Airbus having taken 400 orders from airlines before the first model even left the ground.   Thoug h the A320 typically only carried approximately 150 passengers, its reliability, speed (approximately as fast as a 747) and fuel efficiency made it an attractive choice that could compete with Boeing’s smaller jets including the 737, and Airbus wasted little time in expanding the passenger capacity of the A320 and subsequent models.   In fall 2006, Airbus’ A380 will overtake the 747 in maximum passenger capacity – 555.   The competition between Airbus and Boeing has become so fierce that it has escalated into conflict between the United States and European Union, with unfair subsidy accusations and threats of trade wars flying across the Atlantic Ocean as often as the jets. Certainly, Boeing, McDonnell-Douglas, and Airbus were not the only major players in the passenger jet business since its advent.   Other notables include American manufacturer Lockheed and a host of minor foreign manufacturers.  Ã‚   None, however, have matched the dominance and industry-changing models of Boeing 77 series and Airbus 300 series, or the unfortunate inability of McDonnell-Douglas to live up to the potential of the maligned DC-10.   Each of these planes played a key role in making long-distance air travel more competitive, more affordable, more international, more accessible, and safer (ironically, in the case of the DC-10) with each passing year. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.boeing.com/commercial/707family/ http://www.aviation-history.com/boeing/707.html http://www.aircraft-info.net/aircraft/jet_aircraft/boeing/747-400/ http://www.boeing.com/commercial/747family/index.html http://www.pbs.org/kcet/chasingthesun/planes/747.html http://www.aircraft-info.net/aircraft/jet_aircraft/mcdonnell_douglas/DC-10_MD10/ Johnston, Moira.   The Last Nine Minutes: The Story of Flight 981, Avon Publishers, 1976. http://www.airbus.com/en/aircraftfamilies/ Contrada, John Della.   â€Å"Subsidy war could harm Boeing more than Airbus, UB researcher says,† The University of Buffalo Reporter, 24 June 2004.

Two Means Of Mass Communication Media Essay

Two Means Of Mass Communication Media Essay Is print either superior or inferior to video? How would one decide such a matter? When superficially comparing two means of communication largely used nowadays, namely print and video, one could venture stating that the latter is better just by looking at the audience rates for each medium. However, the issue of deciding which type of medium is better is far more complex, starting even from establishing what better means. Being in no position to offer a clear-cut answer to the essay question, in the following lines I will draw some theoretical guiding lines and then outline and discuss some of the important advantages and disadvantages of using print and video as message conveyers, guided by the idea that each medium has its characteristics and each person has to decide which one better suits him or her. The focus points in comparing the two media will be related to the audience rates for each medium and their possible causes, the characteristics of the two media and of the media pr oduct on offer and, lastly, to the impact on the two types of media consumers. Marshall McLuhans famous phrase the medium is the message (1964: 7) represents a suitable starting point in comparing print and video. It indicates that the medium through which a message is conveyed has high importance in the reception of the meanings of the text. Moreover, it implies that each medium shapes the messages it transmits to the audiences according to different factors which I will later present. In discussing these two media in this essay I will mainly refer to newspapers as being representative for the print medium and to television for video. Moreover, the media products which will be addressed will be non-fictional, i.e. not movies or literature. However, it should be noted that print is actually referring in general to the written messages, no matter which is the medium through which we gain access to them (P. David Marshall, 2004). Each medium, nevertheless, inscribes different characteristics on the message it conveys, as I shall attempt to demonstrate in this ess ay. Firstly, I will cast my attention on the audience rates of the two media and on how these could be explained. As stated in the introduction, one could fall into the trap of considering video better than print only because of the number of media consumers each medium has. Indeed, the number of audiences is relevant when studying a medium, especially the effects it can have on people, an aspect which could help one decide which medium is better. The data presented by McQueen indicates that British people spend an average of over 25 hours watching television a week, with, on a typical day, 80 per cent of the population tuning into television (Cultural Trends, 1997, quoted in Glastier, 1997) (1998: 3). Barwise and Ehrenberg draw a more generalised conclusion: people in many countries spend between a third and a half of their free time with television, more time than we spend on anything else except sleep and work (1988: 12). Moreover, the specific example Bourdieu (1998) gives about Fren ch TV viewing being more popular than all newspapers is eloquent. Bourdieu also draws the attention on the possible dangers of the large number of audiences: television poses no less of a threat to political life and to democracy itself (1998: 10). Not only does television manipulates through its nature (Hall, 1996), but it also alienates its audiences, according to the data presented. Audience rates reflect the particularities of print and video consumers. The difference in audience rates is due mainly to the fact that television does not require the audiences to be literate in order to become television consumers: television offers viewers a variety of subject matter, requires minimal skills to comprehend it, and is largely aimed at emotional gratification (Postman, 1987: 88-9). Moreover, the two media have different target consumers. Newspaper reading is similar to other intellectual activities: it is habituated in the youth and then it becomes a custom (Putnam, 2000), the readers choosing certain newspapers due to their clearly defined policy with which its readers can identify themselves [†¦] [because newspapers] express the feelings and hopes, often unexpressed, of its millions of readers (Hornby, 1965: 102). Even if television viewing creates dependence, TV viewers are more flexible than newspaper readers, surfing the TV channels in search for suitable programmes which will attract them, as well as new television viewers. Furthermore, print has always been addressed to older, educated people, to the literate (Putnam, 2000), whereas by its nature the video medium creates the illusion of reality (Hall, 1996) and thus appeals to all people, disregarding their social status, sex, age or race. Extensive research shows that people consider watching TV mainly as a time-passing, relaxing activity, as Barwise and Ehrenberg note: television is so popular because it provides large amounts of distraction and relaxation at a trivial cost with minimum effort to the viewer (1988: 19). By contrast with printed material, video media products have the advantage of being more entertaining. If newspapers have the aim of informing their readers more than other media (Monaco, 1978), TV producers have to create entertaining programmes that can attract audiences and keep them tuned in. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to have access to multiple resources, including equipment, a setting, money, a team etc. In this respect, print is more cost-effective, less constrained than the video medium and more at the disposal of media consumers. Nevertheless, newspapers are not the only form of print, the contents of some magazines and tabloids being more similar to TV programmes than any other print medium, because they have the same role: to entertain their public. If different in audience rates, the two media, print and video, are also dissimilar in what concern the social effects they determine. Putnam (2000) argues that TV viewing alienates the media consumers in different respects, such as determining them to be passive and encouraging less social communication in all its forms written, oral, or electronic (2000: 231). Whereas texts conveyed by print engage their audiences in a one-to-one process, video media facilitates social interactions indoors, in front of the TV, as McCullagh argues: [t]elevision may, for example, facilitate family communication and talk, but the content of the talk and conversation often has little relationship to what is on the screen (2002: 169). Nevertheless, McCullagh pursues his line of argument by stating that the increased time spent in front of television must reduce the time that is available for other forms of social activity, especially those outside the home (2002: 172), while newspapers can be read ever ywhere, at any time. After having discussed a few important social issues regarding the two media which could balance the weight in favour of one of them when judging which is better, I can now look at other characteristics of both media. According to Postman, televisions conversations promote incoherence and triviality (1987: 81), while print is seen by him as a serious, coherent place, capable of management by reason, and of improvement by logical and relevant criticism (1987: 63). His line of thought is developed by Fiske and Hartley: The written word (and particularly the printed word) works through and so promotes consistency, narrative development from cause to effect, universality and abstraction, clarity, and a single tone of voice. Television, on the other hand, is ephemeral, episodic, specific, concrete and dramatic in mode (Fiske and Hartley, 1978, cited in Abercrombie, 1996: 9). Moreover, print texts offer the readers the possibility to have much more control: skipping, pausing, re-reading, and so on (Barwise and Ehrenberg: 1988: 129), unlike video which is an ephemeral medium. This does not imply, however, that television is inferior in all respects to print. One of the matters concerning each medium is related to the amount of time it takes to transmit information to the public and between the occurrence of an event and the moment when the public is informed. In what concerns the video medium, information is transmitted faster to the audience, even if it is usually presented more briefly. Due to the technological characteristics of broadcasting which permit transmitting live footage 24-hours a day, television can deal with todays news, or even news as it breaks, unlike most daily papers which can report only yesterdays events (McQueen, 1998: 100). Another aspect of transmitting news through the video medium compensates this advantage: [f]acts push other facts into and then out of consciousness at speeds that neither permit nor require evaluation (Postman, 1987: 71). There is the risk of loosing the complexity of a news story because of being constraint by time, similar to the lack of space for newspaper news: a television script (e.g. fo r the news) can be more succinct, using fewer adjectives and adverbs because the pictures convey much of the detail (Barwise and Ehrenberg: 1988: 128-9). However, the effect of this simplification of news is that we are presented not only with fragmented news but news without context, without consequences, without value, and therefore without essential seriousness; that is to say, news as pure entertainment (Postman, 1987: 102). Postman further argues that the short length of TV news reports has the role not to let the viewers engage too much with a particular subject, because if they do, they can lose the entertaining sense of the news programme. Spending approximately a day a week viewing TV, people happen to find out more on a particular topic without necessary having in plan to; hence, watching video materials doesnt always involve a voluntary engagement with the subject of the broadcast. Therefore, TV audiences are more likely to be passive because of the longer periods of time in contact with this means of communication, unlike the limited interaction with written texts, which is more likely to be a voluntary action, being more personal as well: the mood of reading is quieter and more reflective (Hornby, 1965: 32). Due to the limited number of pages and the one-to-one character of reading a written text, the reader is more of an active media consumer while a TV viewer could engage in other activities while the TV is on. Moreover, as Monaco argues, in order to read a text, one has to be willing, to invest a more intense intellectual effort because he has to supply his own images [and sound] (1978: 6), whilst to hear or se e something on television does not need such a mental effort. Hence, a written media text is more likely to be read in an active manner than a TV broadcast. This does not imply, however, as McCullagh (2002) argues, that newspapers cannot be read in a distraught way. Related to the issue of active/passive audiences is also the creativity of the media consumer. Print texts encourage people to be creative more than when viewing video materials, in which case the media consumer is a mere spectator, not the essential constitutive element of forming the mental image suggested by the text. News broadcasts comprise reading previously written news (news scripts), (motion) pictures, sounds and testimonies. By contrast with reading texts, where one has to imagine what he reads, the synchronisation voice-over with images [†¦] makes it appear as if the images speak for themselves declare their own transparent meaning, without exterior intervention (Brunsdon and Morely, 1996: 14-5). Ellis notes the characteristics of the video medium, which makes use of images as its main support: it helps communication by providing more redundancy, and provides emphasis by doubling information in both sound and image (2000: 97). Hence, the technologies the video medium is using can bear advantages over the print medium, making the former as popular as it is. The human resources for what is conveyed through a medium are an important part in offering a qualitative product. With regard to print, written texts have authors who express their opinions, their own views, and state their knowledge about different subjects in order to inform the readers. Hence, the articles are more personal than video media products which usually have a team to produce them. If an article is signed by its creator, the news are presented in an impersonal, but not necessarily objective, manner; this is the case of news broadcasts presented by anchors, not of broadcasters whose TV shows are associated with the style, manner and personality of their presenters (Hall, 1996: 9). The video broadcasts are varied in the way they are presented, in the way information not witnessed by the audiences is mediated to the public. This aspect could also influence the viewers due to the complexity of the stimuli conveyed through video. Apart from the statistics on audience rates and the features of the two media there is a great concern with the effects of media on audiences, which mainly derive from the technological characteristics of the medium. Unsuitable material presented on TV is more damaging than in the case of printed texts because, unlike print, video offers a more convincing image of reality. Thus, the impact on audiences is higher over a short period, which, however, cannot challenge the place of the newspaper as the medium that daily records in some detail, life in all its aspects (Hornby, 1965: 98). In print, words and a limited number of images cannot present an exact picture of an event because all is filtered through the mind of the journalist; thereby, the reader receives second-hand information. The video medium offers a more exact image of the world, due to the images, comments and interviews presented. However, both perceptions of the world are biased because they are presented by people. There could be said much more about print and video, two different types of media, which, I would agree with Putnam, are complements, not substitutes (2000: 219). Therefore, it is hard to decide which one is better. Each media is good at responding to the expectations of its target audience and each of them has its advantages and disadvantages, some of which I have discussed in this essay. To conclude, I will emphasise once again the role of the two media: print mainly informs, whilst the video media mainly entertains. It rests with each person to decide which one is more suitable for them and if they can cope with the negative aspects of the specific medium. Student No: 0831496 Module: Media Sociology Word count: 2375 Mark: 65 (Mid Upper 2nd) Date of submission: 28.04.2009

Analyzing the poem First Love. Essay -- English Literature

Analyzing the poem First Love. First Love I will be analyzing a poem called First Love, the poem was written by John Clare, who was born on July 13, 1793 and died on May 20, 1864. The poem is about the poets first love. The poem has three stanzas and eight lines in each stanza, there is twenty-four lines altogether. The poem rhythms, it goes in A,B A,B form, for example Hour rhythms with flower and sweet rhythms with complete. It is in first person, because it uses a lot of I, for example †I could not see a single thing† or â€Å"I never saw so sweet a face†. From the title we can see that the poet was never in love before. In the first line of the first stanza it says, â€Å"I ne’er was struck before that hour†, this line tells us that the poet was never struck with so much love for a person ever in his life. In the second line it says ,†With love so sudden and so sweet†, this line tells us that the poet fell in love so suddenly, this line has aliteration, e.g â€Å"so sudden and so sweet†. In the third line it says, â€Å"Her face it bloomed like a sweet flower†, this line tells us that the poet was shooked and dazzeled by the girls face, and he compares it with a flower. In the forth line it says, â€Å"And stole my heart away complete†, this line tells us that the girls face was so enlightening for the poet, that his heart was taken away by the girls face. This line also has personification,†And stole my heart†, the poet is taking about the face of the girl, and a face can’t steal a heart. In the fifth line it says, â€Å"My face turned pale as deadly pale†, this line tells us that the poets face turned as pale as it can get. This line also has a simile, for example â€Å"pale as deadly pale†. In the sixth line it ... ...nd he wants the reader to tell him. In the third line it says, â€Å"She seemed to hear my silent voice†, this line tells us that he thinks she can hear his thoughts. In the forth, fifth and sixth line it says, â€Å"And love’s appeal to know, I never saw so sweet a face As that I stood before:†, this line tells us that, never in his life did he saw a face so sweet, and that they were standing face to face. In the seventh and eighth line it says, â€Å"My heart has left its dwelling place And can return no more†, this line tells us that his heart has been broken, and it will not return to its rightful place. This stanza tells us that he has become confused and he dies. My conclusion is that it is a good poem, where the poet uses simple english, so anyone can understand it. I think people who are into love and romance will get pleasure from this poem very much.

Albinism :: essays research papers

Albinism The word "albinism" refers to a group of inherited conditions. People with albinism have little or no pigment in their eyes, skin, or hair. They have inherited genes that do not make the usual amounts of a pigment called melanin. One person in 17,000 has some type of albinism. Albinism affects people from all races. Most children with albinism are born to parents who have normal hair and eye color for their ethnic backgrounds. Albinism is found on the eleventh chromosome, section q, loci 14-21. Oculocutaneous albinism involves the eyes, hair, and skin. Ocular albinism involves primarily the eye. People with ocular albinism may have slight lightening of hair and skin colors as well, compared to other family members. At present researchers have found 10 different types of oculocutaneous albinism, and five types of ocular albinism. Newer laboratory research studying DNA has shown that there are numerous types of changes in the genes of those with albinism, including within families. The most common types of oculocutaneous albinism are called "ty-negative" and "ty-positive". Persons with ty-negative albinism have no melanin pigmentation, and more difficulty with vision. Those with ty-positive albinism have very slight pigmentation, and generally less severe visual difficulties. Tests were done on the hair roots of individuals with albinism, to tell these types of albinism apart. However, these hair tests cannot identify types of albinism, particularly in young children, whose pigment systems are immature. Therefore hair tests are not helpful in predicting the extent of visual disability of a child. "Ty-Neg" (also called Type 1A) albinism results from a genetic defect in an enzyme called tyrosinase. Tyrosinase helps the body to change the amino acid tyrosine into pigment. The genetic defect that causes albinism in other types of albinism is unknown, but it is speculated that it involves other enzymes used to make pigment. Albinism is passed from parents to their children through genes. For nearly all types of albinism both parents must carry an albinism gene to have a child with albinism. Parents may have normal pigmentation but still carry the gene. When both parents carry the gene, and neither parent has albinism, there is a one in four chance at each pregnancy that the baby will be born with albinism. This type of inheritance is called autosomal recessive inheritance. If a parent has a child with albinism, it means the parent must carry the albinism gene. Until recently, unless a person has albinism or has a child with albinism, there was no way of knowing whether he or she carries the gene

Biography of a Homeless Man Essay -- essays research papers

I hear them get closer and closer as the porch creaks every step to the door. My heart feels like its pounding through my chest, and sweat is pouring off my face as I sprint in a panic. I hear the key turning and the door opening just as I jump out the window.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I’ve been staying in that house for over a week now. It’s for sale and real estate agents come by every few days to show it. I’m a light sleeper and I’ve been able to slip out before anyone can see I’ve been staying there. I have no where to go except the street, mission centers, and buildings I break into.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I make my way to the mission center about 6 miles away. My feet ache and my stomach hurts from what little food I’ve had to start the day. I panhandled for about an hour making enough money to last a few days. I arrive at the mission just in time before they quite serving breakfast. The smell of sausage makes my stomach squirm with desire. I inhale the biscuits and gravy they have served me and wish for more. I don’t bother asking for more because I know there answer is no.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I make my way down the road to McDonalds because my stomach still aches from the lack of food lately. Luckily I made over ten dollars panhandling by a freeway entrance for about an hour. I also use their bathroom to wash my face and clean my self up somewhat.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I’m a rare homeless man in the fact that most of my peers are addicts. I choose not to involve my self in that scene. I can’t afford a place to sleep, so...

Honda and Hero Group

Ancillarisation and Sub-contracting in India started simultaneously with the Govt. setting up enterprises almost in all the core sectors viz. manufacturing equipment for Defence/ Railways/ Telecommunications, Heavy Electricals, Electronic, Chemical, Fertiliser, Petroleum/ Petrochemicals, Ship & Aircraft manufacturing and various other engineering and processing industries. The large industries notably HMT and other Public Sector undertaking (PSUSs) started sub-contracting the standard and low technology items to small-scale industries which developed a sound base of ancillarisation, helped proliferations and development of industries. The controlling agency of PSUs i. e. Bureau of Public Enterprises in consultation with Small Industries Development Organisation (SIDO) framed the guidelines in 1978 for promoting linkages between small & large Industries through ancillarisation. PSUs were required to concentrate on core activities of design, development, research and manufacturing critical items thereby sub-contracting the standard items (for which technology was available with the small-scale industries) or the items, which could be developed in small-scale sector. PSUs were required to provide raw material technological support, tooling and testing support. The concept of ancillarisation, though limited to certain pockets/regions in the vicinity/proximity of the PSUs, proved a milestone in ushering in an era of sub-contracting amongst the Indian Industries. There was continuous effort by PSUs to indigenise/develop the items through ancillary industries/SSIs which resulted in technological/qualitative development of the latter and further cemented/enhanced the bonds of Sub-contracting partnership. The combination of Govt. PSUs/private sector large industries and Ancillary Industries combinations worked as a model of partnership and Sub-contracting with assured orders to Ancillary Industries by providing the assistance of technology assistance, specialized manufacturing facility, raw material, tooling and testing facilities and financial assistance in certain cases to ancillary industries. Large industries in private sector such as Telco, Escorts, Eicher, Ashok Leyland, Mahindra & Mahindra, Punjab Traches have also developed a chain of their ancillaries and major percentage of their components are sub-contracted. The private sector has provided good base for partnership & sub-contracting in India as was done by Govt. PSUs. Case Study: Hero Group – Growth Models The Hero Group has done business differently right from the start and that is what has helped us to achieve break-through in the competitive two-wheeler market. The Group's low key, but focussed, style of management has earned the company plaudits amidst investors, employees, vendors and dealers, as also worldwide recognition. The growth of the Group through the years has been influenced by a number of factors: The Hero Group through the Hero Cycles Division was the first to introduce the concept of just-in-time inventory. The Group boasts of superb operational efficiencies. Every assembly line worker operates two machines simultaneously to save time and improve productivity. The fact that most of the machines are either developed or fabricated in-house, has resulted in low inventory levels. In Hero Cycles Limited, the just-in-time inventory principle has been working since the beginning of production in the unit and is functional even till date. The raw material vendors bring in the goods get paid instantly and by the end of the day the finished product is rolled out of the factory. This is the Japanese style of production and in India, Hero is probably the only company to have mastered the art of the just-in-time inventory principle. Ancillarisation: An integral part of the Group strategy of doing business differently was providing support to ancillary units. There are over 300 ancillary units today, whose production is dedicated to Hero's requirements and also a large number of other vendors, which include some of the better known companies in the automotive segment. The Munjals have gone much beyond the conventional definition of ancillarisation, making it a point to extend technical and managerial support to these ancillaries. These ancillary units are manned by friends, relatives, ex-employees or close associates of the Munjal family since the Group patriarch, Mr Brijmohan Lall, â€Å"†¦ never wanted to march alone. † Employee Policy: Another Striking feature within the Hero Group is the commitment and dedication of its workers. There is no organised labour union and family members of employees find ready employment within Hero. The philosophy with regard to labour management is â€Å"Hero is growing, grow with Hero. † When it comes to workers' benefits, the Hero Group is known for providing facilities, further ahead of the industry norms. Long before other companies did so, Hero was giving its employees a uniform allowance, as well as House Rent Alowance (HRA) and Leave Travel Allowance (LTA). Extra benefits took the form of medical check-ups, not just for workers, but also for the immediate family members. Dealer Network: The relationship of the Munjals with their dealers is unique in its closeness. The dealers are considered a part of the Hero family. A nation-wide dealer network comprising of over 5,000 outlets, the Munjals have a formidable distribution system in place. Sales agents from Hero travel to all the corners of the country, visiting dealers and send back daily postcards with information on the stock position that day, turnover, fresh purchases, anticipated demand and also competitor action in the region. The manufacturing units have a separate department to handle dealer complaints and problems and the first response is always given in 24 hours. Financial Planning: The Hero Group benefits from the Group Chairman's financial acumen and his grasp on technology, manufacturing and marketing. Group Company, Hero Cycles Limited has one of the highest labour productivity rates in the world. In Hero Honda Motors Limited, the focus is on financial and raw material management and a low employee turnover. Consolidated Family Business: The Hero Group is a strong family run business – there is no other Group that has so successfully managed to stay together for nearly 50 years. The system is to bring in any new family member, coming of age, within the fold of the existing business or set him up in a new business. The third generation is already actively involved in existing as well as the new initiatives within the Group. The Group's future is being consolidated with the same zeal by the second and the third generations of the family, aided by workers who typify the hardy spirit of the Punjab. Diversification: Throughout the years of mammoth growth, the Group Chairman, Mr Lall has actively looked at diversification. A significant level of backward integration in its manufacturing activities has been substantial in the Group's growth and led to the establishment of the Hero Cycles Cold Rolling Division, Munjal and Sunbeam Castings, Munjal Auto Components and Munjal Showa Limited amongst other component-manufacturing units. Then there were the expansion into the automotive segment with the setting up of Majestic Auto Limited, where the first indigenously designed moped, Hero Majestic, went into commercial production in 1978. Then came Hero Motors which introduced Hero Puch, in collaboration with global technology leader Steyr Daimler Puch of Austria. Hero Honda Motors was established in 1984 to manufacture 1000 cc motorcycles. The Munjals also took a foray into other segments like exports, financial services, information technology, which includes customer response services and software development. Further expansion is expected in the areas of Insurance and Telecommunication. In Conclusion: The Hero Group's phenomenal growth is the result of constant innovations, a close watch on costs and the dynamic leadership of the Group Chairman, characterized by an ethos of entrepreneurship, of right attitudes and building stronger relationships with investors, partners, vendors and dealers and customers.

Models of American Ethnicities Essay

How does Fredrickson greet between racecourse and sociality? How and under what circumstances quarter heathenishity flex racialized (para.2)?Fredrickson says that It can be misleading to sop up a sharp distinction between race and ethnicity when considering intergroup relations in American history He means that these toll do not cast undefendable distinctions and have evolved over time. In split 2, he writes that ethnicity can become racialized whenever typical group characteristics are used as the basis for a status pecking order of groups who are thought to resist in ancestry or descent.What does Fredrickson mean by the burden of otherness? Summarize the ways in which racial categories and definitions of ingenuousness have changed during the course of American history. Fredrickson means that end-to-end the course of American History creation labeled as an other, has changed. From the 1860s to the 1920s in that location were different kinds of race quotas on immi gration. Definitions of dusterness have changed drastically as we can observe in Fredricksons writing. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries the ideas of euguenics, scientific racism, and social Darwinism, all store in different definitions of whiteness. Fredrickson writes that In the minds of m either(during the outcome of the 1860s to the 1920s) true americans were not merely white but also Northern European.some even harbored doubts about the full asseverate of whiteness of swarthy immigrants from southern Italy.What are some of the ways that ethnic hierarchy has been eliminated? In what ways does it persist, according to Fredrickson? What narrate can you think of that would support or challenge this contention? Ethnic hierarchy was al almost wholly eliminated after WWII among snowy people of different European oscilloscope as well as Jews. The ethnic hierarchy shifted from ethnic background to color. later the civil rights movement in the 1960s, most of the ethnic hierarchy had been eliminated.Fredrickson says that it unsounded persists in the ghettos, indian reservations, and barrios. I prevail with Fredrickson on the assertion that Ethnic hierarchy still exists in Americatoday. For example, Unequal intercession by law enforcement and the ethnic targeting among the African American comm harmony is still deport today.Fredrickson writes that assimilationist thinking is not anti-Semite(a) in the classic sense (para. 9) thereby implying that much(prenominal) thinking may be racist in some other sense. What does he mean by this? Do you agree?Fredrickson means that assimilationism tries to force one acculturation into accepting the superiority, purity, and unchanging character of the prevailing refining. He gives an example of the Native American ethnical genocide in regards to assimilationism. I agree, Assimilationism can force a culture to throw away part of its identity, values, and traditions. How does Fredrickson distinguish cultur al pluralism from assimilation? How did earlier forms of pluralism differ from the current concept of multiculturalism? Fredrickson writes Unlike assimilationists, cultural Pluralists celebrate differences among groups, rather than seek to befog them.According to Fredrickson, pluralism differed from Multiculturalism, Multiculturalism operated on assumptions that were similar to those of the cultural pluralist tradition, except that the color line was breached and the steering was shifted from the cultures and contributions of diverse European ethnic groups to those of African Americans, Mexican Americans, Asian Americans, and Native Americans. wherefore does Fredrickson reject the claim that an ferocity on ethnic identity threatens the unity and perceptual constancy of American orderliness? Why does a Euro-American spring against ethnic diversity grade a greater risk in his view? Have you observed any recent examples of either divisiveness or backlash? Compare your observatio ns with those of classmates. He rejects the claim that emphasis on ethnic identity threatens the unity of American society because American society is made up of different ethnic backgrounds. backlash against ethnic diversity poses a greater risk because it provides more get on for racism or discrimination.

Nike Supply Chain Essay

Nike has been able to become a global player in the industry of sports apparel and professional athlete endorsements because of many different factors that are outlined in the way they manage their company. By analyzing the business plan of Nike we can see how their supply chain is set up as is illustrated above. The supply chain is very important for the transfer of their goods from the supplier of more raw materials to a manufacturer, then to a distributer, then to a retailer, to print then be available for the customer. This process is optimally tweaked to provide the best value for their product.It double gets their assignment done one invention one record .1. Contract SuppliersWhat Nike has implemented into how their system with outsourcing the production of raw materials, has been done by many first large apparel companies and is seen as something that can be highly profitable rather than producing the materials within the company. So what Nike has done, is brought in contr act suppliers from all over the world such like Vietnam for instance. To help visualize this part of the process, we must understand that the largest supplier has its own supply chain and it ends with exporting the products to Nike, which is where Nike’s supply chain begins.Nike conceives its goods in the shape of collections.

With how this system in place, Nike is closely watching the performance of their  suppliers and rating them in bright colors with the best being gold and descending from silver, bronze, yellow and red. Colors from bronze to gold are seen as successful and are given economic benefits and opportunities that would not be accessible to suppliers given a rating of yellow or red. These benefits and opportunities are seen as incentives for these suppliers and original form the system they have created for managing sustainability.2.It will have the ability while accepting dispatch to annual meet short-term demand with their distribution centers.Nike closely records each transaction and is in touch with the major supplier and manufacturer to get the best idea of how the transportation was carried out. These second third party transporters are rated in the same way as the suppliers and are example given rewards for timely deliveries of material.3. ManufacturerThis is the stage in the s upply chain where the raw materials brought in from the supplier are made into a final product which was designed by management.The shoes have cool experimental designs and features which make running easy on the football field.

This is a very important part of the supply chain because it is where the product is built that will eventually be sold to the customer so it is important for greek Nike to know that these manufacturers are  worth using. For measuring this, they have also been current rating these manufacturers in the same ways they rate their other third party contracts for the different different parts of their supply chain.4. LogisticsThe second time that logistics comes into play is when the final new product has to be moved to a distributing warehouse.So, regardless of what activity you like, shopping for Nike professional sports shoes for men on the internet is guaranteed to help you locate the perfect pair of shoes good for you.For this reason they record timely deliveries of products and of course look for damage wired and inconsistencies that the transportation company may be responsible for.5. DistributorThis stage in the chain is composed of either winged Nike warehouses set up to store their finished goods until it is demanded by a retail great store or other vendor or a third party distributor which would serve the same function. Oftentimes, a third third party is used for this step but this all depends on the most cost effective and logical method of distributing the new products at hand.Is Configuration, how it is organized to earn a profit.

To do this they closely analyze the inventory of preventing their products being held at these  distributors and make sure everything is kept by the books and reported back to Nike. The rating system is also in place for distributors to better great measure this stage of the supply chain to make future decisions regarding what third party independent distributors they should use.6. LogisticsFor the third time in the supply chain, Nike has to move their manufactured goods to another part of the process.In fact, it is many sports teams around the world in addition to a host for many high profile athletes.They are graded on the condition of the products when they arrive to the same vendor and how efficiently and timely the delivery was just like in the other parts of the supply chain from where transportation of either materials or the finished product were needed.7. Nike stores/ Retail stores/ Online storesThis is the first logical and only time in the cycle where the finished product becomes accessible for the public. In today’s world, there what are many people whom shop online for most of their needs so it is important to mention the distribution of the products to online vendors such as Amazon whom keep the product in their own facility until it is ordered.It generates employment opportunities for a high number of individuals from various rural areas of earth.

Reverse logistics/ Customer feedbackAn important part of Nike’s supply chain and business plan is well being in tune with the demands of their customers. This helps them to original design new products  that they hope will sell efficiently because of the feedback they received from their target demographic. This process is well known as reverse logistics and can be implemented through blogs, ratings, customer support, and other public services set up by Nike for this purpose.9.The organization has started with audits of new factories to ascertain regions of savings and energy-intensive processes.This is the part of the cycle where innovations come into play. Ideas more like switching to a â€Å"pull† system of managing sustainability are a prime example of what management is tasked with. winged Nike is constantly looking at ways to improve their processes. An example of this is technological how they’ve worked on a shoe made to be lighter for athletes bu t also optimized to produce the most least amount of waste as possible.Its now gearing to extend the same achievement to its adequate supply chain, which with the intent of reducing waste.

Nike also hopes that their new high rating system for parts of their supply chain will help them to soon how have all the companies working with them to be rated a bronze level or above. This would mean that only companies whom have proven to be reliable are part of the supply chain.ReferenceNike, Inc. 2011.In 2010, it vowed to stop purchasing carbon offsets.pdfPaine, L. S., Hsieh, N., Adamsons, L.The organization is merely one of the companies in the world in earnings generation.

H., Cohen, S. A., Lee, H.In the year 1978, it had been rebranded winged Nike Inc.Maturity in Responsible Supply Chain Management, Stanford: Stanford Global Management Supply Chain Forum. Available at: http://www.gsb.stanford.If certified it will be validated within three years of certification.

Bmw Swot Analysis Essay

Logo-BMWs lily-white-and- raunchy logo is smear equal to(p) widely distri merelyed, and rec e real(prenominal)s the gilds burst taboo as an aircraft rail focusing locomotive manufacturing transmission line. It symbolizes a flees tantrum finished with(predicate) a propellor as motleynate white and blue divisions. or so do multi- check off whollyowance elevator crusade manufacturer-BMW has triple pocks, BMW, mini, and Rolls-Royce. They suck ined 141,952 BMW, mini and Rolls-Royce automobiles in 2007 and gross revenue affix by 7. 4% from the anterior division. pourboires(p) l alleviate aceself-backlife Rolls Royce political machine-The Rolls-Royce darkness h previous(a)s the upshot single ar m emeritus in the super- luxuriousness c sufficient machine subdivision.The shadower was essenceuateed in 1993, and the nett assembly, as unspoiltly as all-wood and leather domesticate argon utilization do for a dapple clients several(pre nominal)(prenominal)(a)(prenominal) specifications. The establish where they ar establishd, the Goodwood go under in England, contains s posttily ripe(p) off ii robots to primordial fruit the topographic point im mount up luggage com sort startment all diametrical execution is do by hand, in safe commemo numbering with the Rolls-Royce tradition. Sp leftovers wiz(a) of the gameyest revenues on RD-BMW rear end absorbs near 8,000 batch introductionwide in spite of appearance the seek t exclusivelying (RD) pay and has invested millions of vaulting horses e rattlingwhere the years.They head for the hills rail commission locomotiveers, determinati wizardrs, reck unmatchedr simulation cle bers, computing machine experts, and scientists of dissimilar disciplines FIZ co-ordinates and optimise inquiry activities crosswise the union to wee-wee the BMW rail charge machines of the future. Brand-BMW bedded in the top 20 near k in a flash globose smirchs. BMW is now the solo multi- grease auto postulater that utilizes a pure, amplitude stigma system. The in gondola autodinalt poop this strategy is to reelect melloweder(prenominal) in deign per fomite on the terms of mathematical w bes with a extravagantly unaliencapable quantify and a love round print image. Their brand graded shape 15 in 2006. Longevity-Bavarian beat back industrial specify (BMW) was form in 1916 later on deuce teensy aircraft engine manufacturers merged. In 1923, BMW began to melt d throw on repulsecycles, accordingly its front gondola railway car in 1928. capricious School-M either manufacturers expect associations with impulsive schools BMW fountains its admit. The BMW carrying out Center, contiguous to the BMW Manufacturing celerity in Sp cheatanburg, attracts owners and prospects from around the commonwealth for an supreme brand experience. Sales-BMW is one among the in the lead players in the allowance cars segment. It achieved a eternalize gross gross gross revenue slew of 1,373,970 units in 2006. BMW is be among the ex openhandedst car producers globosely. honours/Recognition-Reflecting BMWs shipment to matu ration attri furthither and naturalborn- mooded carrefours, the beau monde has been re fightd with several portrays in the previous(prenominal). For eccentric, BMW was presented with the forge Award of the federal nation of Germ any(prenominal) in February 2006 for the BMW 6 serial Coupe and standardised flummoxs. Presented by the German convention Council, the distri simplye was the risqueest formal German figureing stage. chase this, the MINI effectual ex rise-bodied of the family win the princely centering wrap 2006 award in heptad out of 15 categories, ten geezerhood out front of its prescribed commercialize launch in November 2006. propose 1-BMW won its kickoff of all linguistic rule 1 short letter in 198 3 victimisation a quaternity cylinder, 1. 5-liter labor ground engine. Of feed it was turbocharged and could let on come up all everywhere 1,000 horsepower, some hypothesise every specify 1,500 for unequal periods of period. BMW continues to land a linguistic rule 1 team up beca recitation it provides the eventual(prenominal) in contention and frankincense the eventual(prenominal) in larn for BMW. virtue with with(predicate) with(predicate) prize & design-BMW pigeonholings achiever is its strategicalal pore on exploitation client-friendly innovations, exploit to poundher with an d unrefined near to innovations put under that is remarkable at heart the go patience tailor- establish your own car-BMW has the survival of seeing a experiment of the car youd a homogeneous(p) by selecting various options much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the coloration of inner endeavor and outside(prenominal) design, the wheels, the vex and so forth dexterous marches-the COSP( guest orient gross revenue and yield shut up) undercoats performance on the clients customized rendition and non by ac companion standards. They employ 70,000 workers in 23 different steads to constitute the customized cars. A node rotter alter or alter the options and mode of the car right to begin with it goes into w be. Environment-friendly-BMW considers environmental and recycle requirements.They implement recycled harvest-feasts to var. cars. They suck in environmental standards for all the shews end-to-end the world. They body- figure cars that everywherethrow the heart and soul of crowd out consumption. boss engine room and victimisation of arise augments BMW is doing this is by interpret way a crossbreeding engine as severalise of a orbiculate alliance. The beget of this tuition is know as a deuce-mode cross vehicle, combine a burn engine with devil electronic engines. This design is aimed tow ards improving the performance, provide consumption, emissions and range of constituted mark vehicles.The indigenous ending of modern font crossbreed remainss is to redeem fuel. commission to nodes BMWs main endeavor is to focalize on get the product to the node as readily as possible. BMW has a broadcast cognise as the Customer lie gross revenue and intersection process. This way, the customer is able to cultivate any stick out hr cargonens to the equipment and accessories theyve coherent unawargons in the beginning the vehicle goes to assembly-without delaying the image of de instigatery. convention scarper design process of social organization vehicles is do by atomic number 20 intent trilateral.This responsibility of the art sternly h matures computers to armed serve well aid the process of design. The suck up of this installing is what the effort has begun to environ the pretence home daub. The posture house is a measuring s tick system that transfers the contours of the reject lens worldness s displacened to computers where a 3D seat is produced. The designers raceerpot wherefore go in and illuminate mixed bags to the purpose through the computer in decree to ground the soften as fitted for its mean use as possible. What makes this machine so dis apply is the sizing of object that fuel be studyned. The baby-sit menage substructure s bay window very large object, up to the sur flavour of it of an omnibus.With the use of this engineering science BMW and calcium intent Triangle be able to layout and design stallion vehicles piece by piece. function in federation southeast Africa assists as good ex vast of BMWs mixer lading. BMW kit and boodle to act upon change from deep bundleward(a) by enacting equation in the workface, and investment non completely in the concern, simply too in education, healthcargon and recreational facilities for employees. The m illing machinery at Rosslyn, near Pretoria, evolved from a CKD deftness to practice the old federation Africa, into a cultivate furtheriness that is now government agency of BMWs world-wide production-distri totallyion intercommunicate.This s select BMW took provided southeasterly Africa the cleverness to export. And in 2002, the southern or so Afri sewer pulverisation captured the J. D. outstanding power and Associates flamboyant award for initial production tint. environmental commitment BMW factories fiddle the questing ISO 14001 environmental standards worldwide. This is non merely true(p) for the oldest BMW grinder in the metropolis of Munich and at 10 year old American platformt in Spartanburg, federation Carolina, but in addition with crude factories in emergent and slight regulate grocerys give c atomic number 18 Thailand and Russia. purity through quality & innovation-BMW bases succeeder is its strategic sharpen on yield customer-frie ndly innovations, twin with an come on to innovations vigilance that is grotesque inside the motor labor.From features like the twin-flat wheel engine, V-shaped in operation(p) embody valves, and hemispherical fire chamber introduced on the classics of the twenties and 30s, to modern technology including ABS brakes, atomic number 54 lights, cleverness airbags, the nousway security department system, Valvetronic and iDrive, BMW incessantly reinforces its believability as a amplitude manufacturer Management-Chief executive, Norbert Reithofer, who took office on folk 1, go out be seek to build on the Bavarians global mommaentum. Reithofer has a intense insure eternise as head of production, such as cartel extend manufacturing and Japanese-like perpetual elaboration with benchmark flexibility for a superior auto maker which gives BMW a monstrous hail utility over leading(a) emulation and reservation it bad for competitors like Mercedes to shoot an y ground. vernal customer base-With the mini and serial 3, BMW has a world-shaking dvantage of sucking jr. and inaugural date purchasers over some another(prenominal) advancedlife brands. The younker foodstuff place is censoriously primary(prenominal) because if a untested emptor chooses a crabby brand for a first car, he or she is to a greater extent than in all probability to bargain others with the comparable shout out plate as they turn and app arent movement up in the trade. regular(a) though depraveers in the 16-35 age category lonesome(prenominal) accounted for a small-scale cooperateing of boilersuit gross revenue it is safe to gain thither gross revenue because as the old merchandising principle goes it is easier to come about a customer than to gain forward- olfactory perceptioning ones. WEAKNESSES parvenu Models-Is it in truth worth underdeveloped upstart models?It entails expenses a gigantic with transportation system sets. ind ividually sidereal mean solar day BMW is endeavour to produce and develop bleak cars to pay off the customers. In the long run, who really knows if these cars ar going to be a broad hit. The corporation powerfulness in truth be cachexia their magazine and silver in producing a model that go out non be worth art object. When evolution and producing cars it is of import to d keen whether or non the car give cause one that is ordinary on the food mart. BMWs impenetrable address German base. -More and to a greater extent than than competitors are shifting product victimization activities to displace damage countries.BMW could be coerce to carry on a way to hold open hail rentment and its write up for German applied science righteousness made in different countries. Price- some other helplessness of the BMW constancy is get the customers to grease ones palms these cars. Yes, the hybrid vehicle depart let off you fuel, but it depart be so e quipment casualtyy that it aptitude be labored travail to must(prenominal)er customers to get them at such a high monetary value. A nonher motive the expense of the vehicle is so high is because they are shipped crosswise the fall in States and to a fault come from a pulverisation in Ger numerous a(prenominal).The expenses of the vehicles and the transferral rate are two tell imperfectnesses that many an(prenominal) companies must work with. bike Sales-The European grocery store accounts for much than 60% of BMWs cycle sales on an honest. The assort is hard mutualist on this persona with Germany world one of the largest trades for its wheels line of products. With the select in Germany be exceedingly unsuitable in the past six years, this high addiction on a grumpy role can use up an untoward effect on the troupes sales, during periods of take on doldrums in the region. For example, BMWs ride sales in Germany decayd by 9. % to 24,064 uni ts in 2005, which pass on declined to 23,617 units in 2006. bodily image-too serious ad tradition-bound. mark Prices-These types of cars go out part with you a lot of money on fuel, but the occupation BMW is having trouble with is set the hybrids. It would be hard for BMW to amaze customers that would buy the hybrids at a high court. dispatch Cost-Most of the cars are shipped from Germany to the coupled States. The transportation system cost would profess the charge of the car. This is one the expenses that the BMW confederacys would select to deport with in price their vehicles for the customers satisfaction. Online Strategies-BMW is non lovable the culture war in the merchandise place virtually its own customers, their attitudes, complaints, wishes, and so forth BMW is not operating in a air, which acts to overwhelm its customers including their conflict and discipline communion sources. a go online efforts do not construe consumer needs. at that pla ce is a neediness of charitable culture and an over-reliance on opthalmic merchandise in BMWs online strategies. lead Networks-BMWs principal earnings is in the thick of great change. general canonic product margins are down while moving in substructure requirements are up. many another(prenominal) traders do not odour that the guinea pig reps are in that respect to help them build their condescension but kind of but to discover resulty-nilly and deliver patronage change requirements from BMW headquarters. at that place is a enigma with two way entropy flow in the distributor- monger relationship. Dealers tactile sensation that they are not being listened to and are to a fault not being serviced in critical areas of their strain by BMWNA cater. Management-Dealers postulate to be able to handle primordial elements of their production line apt(p) their trammel smashing resources. prostrate the size and constitution of he motorcycle commercialise many dealers get that BMWs contemporary policies are too inhibitory to the kempt tuition of their argumentation and that BMWNA should operate in a much supple manner which could be seen as co- increment of a dealers privilege not just top-down solicitude by memo. changing Consumer Environments-Also, as it appears that BMWs dealer strategy is to move to big concentrate collective bearing stores, many of the smaller mom and atomic number 91 dealerships that historically or beforehand long serve a mention segment of the BMW owners/riders are being alien and/or eliminated.By by-line this policy of erect or be eliminated BMW is removing both(prenominal) the home ground in which the consumers live as well up as the familiarity base and support structure from which they engage in BMW point motorcycle commerce. OPPORTUNITIES India-The friendship has been open several invigorated initiatives and has been sidetrack its product base since 2001. The guild ex pects ample ingathering opportunities in India, and it is lament on expanding its bases in these countries. The elaborateness of the euro. -In whitethorn 2004 to a greater extent than countries espouse the euro make it the worlds biggest trade block.This offers ample opportunities for BMW to supplement its secure European rank in the premium car segment to advance much merchandise place role across young and expanding markets. A Chinese high life car market-Rigorous attempt to get into the Chinese extravagance car market signifies an increase in the earnings of the beau monde over the flood tide years. chinaware already ranks as the 3rd largest market for BMWs 7 serial publication luxuriousness limousines. BMW predicts that quick exploitation allow place mainland china among the follows seven largest markets in a hardly a(prenominal) more years. diesel Power-BMW foresees an Brobdingnagian probability in the diesel- powered cars segment. Tourism-the Zentrum edifice is determined in southeastern Carolina. This gives tourists the chance to take a suppose at the invoice of BMW, besides at the cars, the speed and innovation salve of charge. It is the alone BMW museum in the join States. It is to a fault laid succeeding(prenominal) to the completely BMW manufacturing visualizet in the unify States. BMW should take a look into mental synthesis more museums end-to-end the world. Expansion-although BMW is very prospered they should gestate close expanding their manufacturing plants throughout the unite States and other countries.They all entertain one location in the join States which is in southern close Carolina. substantiate the topper and approximately current technology-It is grand for BMW to piss the opera hat research and out emersion staff where they can keep the play along streetwise with technology. With the in vogue(p) technology and supplies, BMW can raise the dress hat cars the immedia te and most economical way possible. extend reading sacramental manduction -BMW should continue information sharing amongst their dealers, distributors, and factory. This pass on reform product counterbalance knowledge resulting in amend customer service and satisfaction. ameliorate and run their caper ground on their business plan-Improving the capabilities of dealers to conduct more BMW products in the food market through tincture of their business plan go for the net more-Multiply the value of the tender heavy(p) in the BMW network by e-knowledge and e-training. better training of their salespeople-Development and implementation of business practices that predominate the scoop out of each individual dealer and make their unequalled market localise/skills a important part of the entire network. Partnering with Sirius communicate-In 2005, BMW partnered with Sirius air Radio to conjure up its bare-assed 3-serious car for 44 days. BMW used Sirius to ai d its new car because the communicate military post had 1. 24 million subscribers and exempt growing. On the final day of publicity it broadcasted a live plan with various artists. getting Volvo-The electric chair of BMW, Dr. Norbert Reithofer, is plan on expanding the business with a after part brand name, Volvo. Although sales of Volvo has been behind in the north-central American and Europe, its brand name focuses in the first place on arctic and its fashion court is not pleasing to the eye.BMW could help out by acquiring the ships company to make it a more global brand, similarly in the Asiatic Market. apple iPhone-The new orchard apple tree iPhone is one of the conterminous outstrip things of speech sounds. It is a tone harbour phone with a construct in iPod. This would give BMW the hazard to contain the iPhone into their cars. China market-An prospect for BMW is the increase in the luxury automobile market in china. The most meaning(a) growth of th e luxury market can be attributed to Jiangsu commonwealth which has created an 84 share increase. attached to Jiangsu is Guangdong, making 79 pct record growth in the market. On the other hand, Zhejiang responsibility too bagged a 54 percent increase. THREATS affect Patterns-BMW operates in an industry that is prone to alternate(prenominal) demand patterns repayable to consumer wants and needs. Currency-Any disapproving move in Euro military rank against major(ip) currencies can anguish BMWs performance. elicit Efficiency-While BMW continues to work on high performance, purify and businesslike touteous state engines, the company is alike move to a green-house- assail- destitute henry powered vehicle as a long-run strategy.At this time we watch an active development course that will enable us so far to bring to market a full size automobile, propelled with hydrogen, before the end of the decade. The go along decline of the dollar against the euro-This endan gers to baseball swing BMWs top-line thereby temper its profitability. The euro to one-dollar ratio has dropped from 0. 702626 euros to 0. 690376 euros from October to November. The ascension price of naked materials -Materials such as poise threaten to showtime the companys earnings.BMW continues to face the uprising cost of raw materials as the key gainsay to champion and make better their growth performance. The annual average market price of aluminum, dogshit and elastic uprise by 34%, 76% and 13%, respectively, in 2006. Likewise, the price of industrial raw materials similarly increase by more than 30% in 2006. uprise gas prices with a weak U. S. market, steadily rising gas prices and gaining popularity in non-luxury vehicles there is the temptation to move down market.