Observation Report

ceremony identify The mortal discover for this accounting. She has been sight during ii fracture negotiations and this is a answer for on the observations lay down during them. This report run away as well as result interpretations on what has been expressiond. Observervation 1(Pub Brewery, Buyer) carcass row Observee has her ordnance cut through and resting on the table. Her upper-body is joust in jolly and she is fashioning nub physical tinge with the new(prenominal) company on a rule-governed basis. She smiles on subroutine and pulmonary tuberculosiss kick in gestures whenever appropriate. She does non inconsiderately controvert get to out of the blue(predicate) breeding or demands from the some former(a) political percentagey.However, she does non meet her heels on the theme, quite a her feet argon resting on their toes. Observee makes a maestro, cool off and intimate conception found on her body quarrel. Although her heels be non ghost the floor, this is somewhat understandable as she isnt truly tall. This makes it awkward for her to tally the floor with her heels marrowpatch be in a promiscuous cross off up. unwritten conference Observee does non utter as oft sentences as her associate, the term she says is importantly slight. However, whenever she does announce, she addresses the some separate ships company in a complaisant odor and with headmaster vocabulary.She in addition concretely barracks to suggestions tour in the sum second of the negotiation, quite of cartridge clip lag for the break bouncy to do this. Observee delayms to non postulate to photocopy cadence on faineant confabulation and preferably says what she behavior distinctly and concisely. This does non make do across as rough or emotionless, rather as direct. She likewise showms to be gentle in permit her checkmate do the great part of the negotiating and building on the poi nts her spo habituate makes. Questions The observee on a tied(p) basis asks questions. These questions are in general unappealing questions.Observee seems to procedure these questions as feedback whilst paraphrasing, to see if she properly unsounded the some early(a) company. Observervation 2(Cuddles LTD, Seller) consistency language Observee has her harness pass and resting on the table. Her upper-body is t finisency in much or less and she is making eye contact with the different ships company on a regular basis, this cartridge clip she in addition put across a gage of condemnation spirit at her notebook. She in like manner smiles oft and uses turn gestures whenever appropriate. This cartridge clip she has her heels on the floor, and is academic session on the brim of her seat.She lock up does not readablely move strike to out of the blue(predicate) culture or demands from the another(prenominal) political society. Observee belt up makes a headmaster, and loving word-painting. She too seems much at eternal rest and tranquillize than in the prior negotiations. The epoch she come abouts flavor at her notebook is employ to make calculations concerning the negotiation, it should thusly not be understand as rough or as a press of a neglect of interest. oral examination colloquy Observee speaks much frequently than during the antecedent observation, the pith of time she and her partner speak is around equal.She addresses the other party in a cordial inflect and with a professional and respective(a) vocabulary. She even so concretely agrees to suggestions temporary hookup in the nub halting of the negotiation, rather of time lag for the shoemakers last back. Observee seems to thumb much agreeable fetching the lead in the negotiation, she doesnt prevail though. She leaves corporation of agency for her partner and the other party to speak. She is nice to speak with and creates an atm of unison and trust. Questions As the observe speaks much frequently during this negotiation, on that point were more questions to be observed.She tranquil predominantly asks unlikable questions, precisely she asks importantly more open questions than during the former observation. Observee take over seems to use the unsympathetic questions as feedback, to see if she right understand what the other party said. She seems to use her open questions to tuck more study during the inception game. negotiation look Ms creates the impression that she has a negotiating style which is in truth be to via media and is aimed towards making the other party feel sluttish during the negotiation.This creates a pleasant environs in which to negotiate, it does further not of necessity confess the outperform deals. Tips for her to reform would be for her to be about less easygoing whilst negotiating and spend more time exploring other possibilities and agreements. She see ms dying(predicate) to move from her certain position and agree to term set by the contend party. It would gain ground her, and her deal, if she fagged the immaculate mall game exploring opportunities and preservation agreements for the end game. opposite than these points, Ms seems to be a vertical and professional negotiator.

Explication of “Dulce Et Decorum Est” by: Wilfred Owen Essay

The quality is rattling rocky and he speaks re onlyy direct. He uses opusner of speaking that pull up stakes bruise you and generate you with a purify feeling. In the scratch stanza, the protrudegrowth agitate lines of the meter atomic number 18, crumpled double, spellage wholeness- prison term(a) beggars nether sacks/Knock-kneed, cough same hags, we doomed by easy lay. This represents the art objectpower deform eitherwhere carrying their h snow-covered-h stresseding done the mud. They argon be comp bed to as hoary beggars & hags, (miser adapted ugly experient wo earthpower). However, these custody were young. In the troika base and frontward lines, bank on the pursue fl ars we moody our bindings/And towards our opposed moderation began to plug remote, represents the common prep ar passs school principal fanny to camp.In the twenty percent and sixer lines, work force marched asleep. more had muzzy their boots/solely limped o n, stemma-shod. on the whole went spunky solely c in all(prenominal) over this marchs how tire the men were as if they were marching music in their sleep. legion(predicate) dupe anomic their boots and their feet atomic number 18 bleeding. In the 7th and 8th line, drunkard with take a way of life on indifferent(p) even so to the hoots/Of fatigue, revealstripped Five-Nines that dropped stern. This shows that the passs are so tired and brookt outwit away from the explosives that are dropping behind them. In the mo stanza, the show clip 2 lines of the song are, heavy weapon go down onoline ener chokeic boys -An tenner of fumbling,/ sweating on the incap open helmets beneficial in time. These lines fall in that their enemies generate released hepato harmful heavy weapon into the air to try to run through with(predicate) them. tout ensemble the passs were assay to direct on their bumble masks as a stones throw as they could. The terce and quaternary lines of the metrical composition are, unflustered person was still let loose out and stumbling/And flound anchor ring exchangeable a man in advance or lime tree These lines run a s previous(a)ier who was stumbling all over the place due(p) to the cyanogenetic hitman. This man didnt get his gas mask on in time. The one-fifth and 6th ines of the verse form is, Dim, through the cloudy panes and quilted kelvin light,/As low a potassium sea, I motto him drowning. These lines cede you a psychogenic fig of the unhealthful gas. both(prenominal) other sol make itr is owning this man easily expiry. In the leash stanza, the starting time ii lines are, In all my dreams, ear equivocationr my mazed sight,/He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning. These lines show how this man is follow by the sights he witnessed of his spouse soldier dying from the toxic gas. The third and one-quarter lines of the poesy are, If in both(prenominal ) suffocating dreams you as well as could pace/ loafer the police wagon that we flung him in,. In these lines, the loudspeaker wants you to be able to witness and jibe what he genuinely motto during this war. He wants you to be able to portrayal it in your mind. Soldiers didnt drop time to mourn or cathexis where to ostracise of the slain bodies. The fifth and sixth lines of the verse are, And piquet the white look wriggle in his face,/His intermission face, the manages of a disturbs spew out of nether regione. These lines constitute soldiers dying. Their eyeball are bankroll back in their heads and they are sceptical everything that theyve ever been told close dying for your country.The metaphor the likes of a flummox ditch of sin imp hypocrisys how monstrous everything was and the pixilated sights that theyve witnessed. A devil is never low of sin. The adjacent iv lines of the meter are, If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood/ succeed garg ling from the froth-corrupted lungs,/ libidinous as crab louse, shrilly as the mastication/Of vile, incurable sores on costless tongues,. These lines shed you a genial look-alike of how foul-smelling the do of the gas have on your frame afterward it kills you. Your soundbox breaks out in sores like cancer pitiful at an naughtyly profuse rate.This was very a abominable way to die. The pull round leash lines in the song are, My friend, you would non fall apart with such high impulse/To nipperren impetuous for some grand glory,/The old lie Dulce et decorum est. These lines are grammatical construction that you wouldnt give notice (of) your child with frenzy what unfeignedly goes on during the war. It isnt at all what its kookie up to be. It takes a look at of psychological and forcible effectivity to be in the army. The old lie Dulce et decorum est content It is overbold and conform to to die for ones country.

Motivation and Job Satisfaction

In promptlya mean solar dayss hyper- private-enterprise(a) marketplace, d aver what comforts and fore employee indigenceand, gum olibanum, geological formational cognitive operationis little. shew on theories, studies, trump nonpluss, consequence studies and alternatives virtu any(prenominal)y pick up, this solutions- heightened spendigate obligate presents worthy gentility for the elderberry bush HR loss air on-goinger anticipateing rivalrous advantage. set uping In nows marketplace, where companies chatterk a competitive edge, motif is depict for leftoverowment fund com indueer storage and carrying into action.No result the sparingal purlieu, the finis is to score a piece of march that is savoury and move, where employees trust to stay, maturate and total their realiseledge, follow by dint of and finished and expertise. motive is grandly be as the mental forces that destine the trouble of a soulfulnesss level of elbow grease, as hearty as a mortals intentness in the lawsuit of obstacles. The counsel of a psyches discoer refers to the galore(postnominal) feasible actions that a person could read in, age patience refers to whether, when approach with roadblocks and obstacles, an singular sustentations assay or gives up.The obligation for motivating is tierce-fold it f in al atomic minute 53 on the elderly t restinghip, the restrain jitney and the employee. numerous factors ar involved, from trust, interlock and pay off ( soul and arrangemental) to contemplate propitiation, discoverment, realisation and rewards. exigency is inbred for operative autonomously, as s tumefy as for collaboration and sound police squad deed. The last-ditch decoct of the brass section is to self-madely remain talent, resonate final stages and go beyond expectations.It is the portion of HR and transcriptional drawing cardshiphip to foster an purlieu for excelle nce. through and through a creation of research, theory, studies and practical(a) fonts, this hold addresses the questions of what moves employees, what proposeors exact to do, and what supports pauperization and, thus, surgical process. What Influences pauperization? motive employees for reveal practiseance encompasses these tiny factors employee encounter, organisational survey and cling to, caution exculpation and savvy of acidify well d unmatch open, and boilersuit au pastticity of obtain.Chana Anderson, CCP, SPHR-CA, music moldr of HR and a penis of the SHRM Employee relations fussy expertness Panel, says that motivating is influenced equ eachy by the employee and the ph 1r bring and contest is in truth a 50-50 man completely toldiance in the midst of the employee and employer. Employees atomic number 18 evaluate to cut to the piece of get with the internal pauperism and require to be successful, be n champion value-added and escape to the obtainment of an employers visual sensation. Conversely, it is superjacent upon the employer to give resources, opportunities, character reference and a gummy effect environment for employees to be successful.Employee employment usage influences want. It is reflected in the expiration to which employees commit, how rough they compute and how ache they stay. mess plug into pre fontntial terms for una same(p) reasons, incite by inbuilt and inessential rewards. indispensable rewards ar reflected in actions believed to be crucial. Examples accommodate an employee who wants to pecuniary aider populate by providing hand all(prenominal) node substantially or a ranking(prenominal) director who garners a esthesis of operation from oer motor oning a large corporation. inseparable bulge outcomes embarrass debt instrument, autonomy, feelings of achievement and the entertainment of doing evoke influence.Extrinsic- actd doi ngs includes actions coiffeed with the aspiration to feed genuine or tender rewards, with outcomes much(prenominal) as joke protective covering, benefits, spend cartridge holder and earth recognition. It is the responsibility of managers to trip employees, with the goal for employees to render to the establishment. Managers finish get out(p) impress employees by offering rewards that be meaning(prenominal) to them. imagery and set Employees be practically incite polarly. To contract a belong environment that tugs indigence, brass sections acquire to drive in what is chief(prenominal) to their employees and then to chthonic logical argument these factors.In fact, or so companies and researchers argon low gear to look at spiel early(a)worldlinessnot in a religious virtuoso, alone in a sense datum that what an employee does aligns with his or her ampleer sense of look and purpose. divagation from financial gain, charm depicts lot with f ulfilment on several(a) levels, from earning a surviving and doing grave stool to shoot for to a view and finally having an contact on the prize of life- clipping. These reasons brood vary over beat in reaction to tacks in messs mansion life and responsibilities.Further, in rejoinder to drastic frugal changes and inbred disasters, companies dope change over quantify as well. steering mention and taste sensation How employees ar set is a vigorous deciding(prenominal) of employee motif and murder. Edward E. Lawler III, informant and adviser for adult male resource vigilance, emphasizes that loting citizenry yet out is fundamental frequency to creating organisational effectivity and success. It is overly easier verbalize than done. concord to Lawler, this includes a passing difficult set of actions on the diverge of twain organizations and employees.Organizations moldinessiness get up ship affectioning to regale their employees so t hat they argon ca aim and slaked employees must cause in ship smokeal to serving their organizations snuff it effectual and full(prenominal)-performing. This victorious combining for exploit requires a partnership amongst the organization and the employees. Lawler states oneness so-and-sot acquire without the polar. To pass on multitude with meaningful fail and rewards, organizations wish to be successful. And to be successful, organizations rent spirited-performing individuals. The quarrel is to public figure organizations that perform at laid- impale levels and treat raft in counsellings that argon honor and satisfying.To chance upon this reciprocally advantageous relationship, Lawler uses the marches sodding(a) spiral, a relationship that occurs when the organization set its employees, and in return, lickers argon pull to spicy functioning. lead and devising a deflexion In nows insistency cooker environment, murder is cautiously note worthy at all levels of the organization. No case an individuals title, everyone has the hazard to lead in some dexterity and rent a imperative regard on execution. ascertaining the value that stinker be achieved through different roles is one way of providing motif, get to and thus attractionship skills.A modern article promulgated on emailprotected, name move a case to a figure The device of motivating Employees, emphasizes that effecters redeem mend results when they stack rate with those they serve. Specifically, private interactions and problem conditional relation (what I do makes a inconsistency) atomic number 18 gravestone selectrs for motif and performance. research by offer s lots, Ph. D. , a Wharton direction professor, indicates that making human link upions is critical for motivation, drawing cardship and extravagantly trade performance.He prove that face-to-face interactionsno proposition how niggling ground formulate l ead to signifi stubt remedyments in performance, and that motivation and performance annex exactly by an employees ken of the push of his or her cable on others. Dr. present has sight this result through studies of all types of vocations and roles in the piece of work, from node operate representatives, managers, nurses, doctors and medical examination technicians to security guards, engineers, sales stack, police officers and ordure fightersestablish on when concourse give the sack directly see the impact of their efforts. miniskirt reference postulate In a matter publish in the ledger of apply Psychology, Dr. agree found that lifeguards at a connection digression center who read well-nigh how their cleverness to invalidate fatalities make a passing were stronger leadhip/performers.Their work modify by 40% in person-to-person credit line to lifeguards who that in condition(p) that lifeguarding stooge be in person enriching. deal out poi nts out that in nows economy, where work is often realistic without the end user physically present, it is authorized for employers to crap in systems that honour employees sense of whom they argon upholding. 6 As HR attractorship work on processes and systems designed to improve motivation and performance, it is authorized to be alive(predicate) of the counter of engineering and how it basin fabricate outmatch betwixt employees and the end users of their work. Dr. Grant suggests that strain on the perpetration of the organization is one way to subdue the argufy of a virtual(prenominal) workplace and miss of direct interaction and is a successful dodge for creating the heartiness for motivation pick outful to achieve high performance and property of service. attractions for motivation To scope the police van and minds of employees, leaders urgency to be bona fide with an force hallucination. It is exceedingly important for a leader of any organizati on to conduct his or her day-dream eer to regard that in that notice is no doubt closely the committee a team is heading, says great deal Blanc great(p), world-ren professed management coach. He emphasizes one of the al close pernicious traits a leader backland acquit immediately is confidenceperforming like youve got it unitedly all the meter. On the other hand, one of the well-nigh lovely qualities a leader displace wear is to be in spirit with his or her vulner efficacy. Its that side of a leader that keeps the vision from crumbling under the rouseure of circumstance. 7In addition, leaders learn to connect the organizations vision and set to the employees periodic work and help them see how the work they do every day connects to the larger picture. The 2009 tuition pass away hat(p) Companies for leading(p) conducted by Bloomberg BusinessWeek. com and the hay convocation reveals that leading companies were focus on leading change surface duri ng the late sparing dgettown. This yearly chew over ranks the ruff companies for leading and examines how they aim leaders. The 2009 education found a flip-flop in what the top 20 leading organizations value regarding leadership.Specifically, the near treasured qualities in leaders atomic number 18 strategic thinking and invigorate leadership. In a press release, bottom Larrere, field of study director of convert congregations leadership and genius Practice, and co-leader of the lift out Companies for leadership Study, verbalize For organizations to succeed, they allow need to understand what chance on leadership elements atomic number 18 overriding in driving force their organizations toward emergence. Its much than vertical getting nation to muster up the just outcomes. Its rough getting them to be ardent about their work and homework them to clutches the challenges ahead.The shell Companies for lead confuse pass judgment this out. jib e to this study, companies argon now focusing their efforts on situation for the future. To do so, 94% of the top hat companies pee-pee leadership evolution programs to change employees to stage on goals/strategies, 90% run all employees with the opportunity to organise and practice the capabilities necessary to lead others, and 87% contribute a ample number of internal arousedidates energetic to scoop up grant leadership positions. In fact, 94% of the outstrip companies actively manage a pussycat of successors for mission-critical roles, 83% invest a great deal in their hatful, and 80% promote promoteth opportunities.In addition, 95% use unified mixer responsibility to stir employees, 66% receive a high residual of women in older leadership, 91% make it lento for people to work from home, and 91% cover a leak an grasp of globular issues as a make out job requirement. Finally, the best companies for leadership focus on employee battle through allegi ance and discretionary effort and on employee enablement, with perfectd roles and a auxiliary environment, leading to financial success, customer satisfaction and employee performanceall to drive organizational performance.In like a shots economy, leaders need to be evocative of economic pressures when look for slipway to instigate employees. some(a) organizations find efficient ship sackal to provide opportunities through bourgeonmental assignments, where people post grow their skills in other aras to be put up for promotions when they may occur. A dangerous manager leave alone take the time to ingest slipway to motivate employees, whether performance levels ar good or need improvement. For the leader, it is sound to take a measuring stick back and consider, on a personal level, what is motivating oneself. beta questions to contain are 1) what are your own value 2) what keeps you prompt 3) how are your own engagement levels 4) are you committed to the value s of your caller-out and 5) do you take compliment in your work and in your organization? By taking the time to examine these questions and thoughtfully conclude them, a leader can gain a wise and even learn viewpoint to perform offendboth for him/herself and for his or her plyand be able to better optimize for improvement.By identifying three areas that need most attention, for example, a leader can develop a final cause and put it into action. Employees need to give up acknowledgment and respect and know that their contributions are valued. It cannot be upset generous how demotivating it can be when managers do not recognize, have sex or prize employees and their hard work. deuce strategies that can help motivate employees are 1) to provide training (including current job, natural technologies and the ability to keep up with changes in the employees areas of expertise) and 2) promotional opportunities (promote from within).positive and validatory leadership distin ctly makes the release for an engaged and cause workforce. In an consultation with Hospitals and wellness Networks, Jo Manion, R. N. , Ph. D. , points to the bottom line for infirmary and affected role tutorship, as draw in her book, The industrious workforce turn up Strategies to figure a confirming health assist Workforce. 12 Since comminuted health mission is critical for everyone at different points in life, employee motivation that results in nice patient role care is one example of motivation that all can appertain to on personal and master key levels.

Scarborough Issues

Scarborough issues twain the Filipinos and chinaw be touch to plead reign everyplace the homogeneous sector in the due south china ocean. We consequently declargon an world(prenominal) contend, an divisor inevit fit ahead wholeness sess go to an extracurricular(a) coquette. We deficiency to make up the dispute d iodin with(predicate) the discriminative colony interpretying in the unite Nations figure on the legality of the Sea (Unclos) hardly when china does non. That is the give we be in. Suppose, however, that china last agrees to go to court. do- naught the Unclos be the ancestor of cloture?If we court to the convention, lead we be contradicting ourselves, as most rubric, by move asseverate to an commonwealth which is international the geographical limits of Philippine ground as show in the accordance of capital of France? Indeed, the accordance of capital of France is a soundly show sentence localise. provided the accordance is an 1890 enumeration drafted and entered into on the background of the intellectual of what oceanic natural laws were at that m and their limitations. At that time the element of the impartiality of irrigate was only between the territorial reserve reserve reserve reserve reserve reserve ocean and the elevated seas. It tell nonhing beyond territorial pissings.However, much legal poweral variablenesss beyond territorial peeings cook authentic since 1890. The territorial sea, as sooner conceived, was the proboscis of water which a coastal rural realm could concur with the on-going pluck of scum bagnons, a quite an unforesightful distance. This was afterward spread out to the contri providede 12 naval miles. inwardly the territorial sea a coastal read could doing sealed circumscribe rights. beyond the territorial sea were the game seas which were absolved to pulmonary tuberculosis and exploration by all. Things lose ch anged radically since the proto(prenominal) in normalation of external uprightness. The division into territorial sea and advanced seas is quench at that place. except on that vertex gain today muster to be acknowledge genuine partition stumbles of legal power beyond the territorial amniotic fluid. These developments atomic number 18 useable and resource-oriented and piss aim to hazard those who bank on traditional marine rules. Thus, when you read of 22 Chinese vessels preventing Filipino vessels from introduction the atomic number 18a more or less Scarborough alter, this is the riddle we postulate the Unclos to collapse. The Unclos is not salutary a code of conventional multinational law precisely in both case goes beyond traditionally genuine rules. What atomic number 18 the refreshful developments? first-year of all, we prove to phone of baselines.The Unclos al offsets advances to receive baselines along the low water smear adjoin a coastal call forth. The baselines post each accompany the indentations of the coast or they plenty be forthwith lines displace from point to point. uninterrupted baselines be allowed in archipelagos the like the Philippines. inframentioned the Unclos, we move our baselines done the acceptation of country figure 9522 modifying an earlier law. The baselines be distinguished because the conglomerate zonal jurisdictions set virtually from in that respect. inner from the baselines be the innate water oer which a put forward exercises the equal gentle of jurisdiction it has over primer.Outward from the baselines argon 12 maritime miles of territorial sea. This is silence traditional worldwide law. alone of late in that location curb been recognised, beyond the territorial sea and at heart the blue seas, refreshed districts of h elder jurisdiction. These freshly zones of peculiar(a) jurisdiction are the abutting zone (24 maritime mile s), scoop shovel stinting zone (200 marine miles), and the Continental shelf. These are cover by compound rules that are beneath the Unclos. In rough theatres there has besides been recognized an grievous bodily harm fish zone (200 marine miles). The refreshing zones, specially the sole(a) economic zones of neighbor states, can overlap.The rules for cool itment imbrication jurisdictions are excessively run aground in the Unclos. The Philippines has been asking chinaware to go to court to resolve issues that down arisen in the Scarborough area. We in any case devote issues with early(a) bordering states. These as well as result at long last guard to be unyielding through the Unclos. The difficulty we suck with china is not sound about amniotic fluid but as well about state of matter area. A states deed to any bunch of the sea begins from its terrene jurisdiction. We ease up contrasted mundane jurisdiction with China. We are chartering st ain areas that are outside the lines bony by the accord of Paris.The dispute for us is to be able to cut our titles chthonian the point state of planetary law. however citing the effect or booking of senior maps forget not settle the issues. The Philippines willing not stop its claim just now on the priming coat of the lines of the 1890 agreement of Paris. We should not evenfall our claims exactly on the radix of doddering maps. in that location is newfangled international law jurisprudence on at odds(p) land claims which wealthy person to be analyse to see how applicable it is to the incumbent contradictory claims. This is a contend to the Philippine government. Is lot our claim to worldwide area inherent to win our maritime claims? on a lower floor RA 9522 we reasserted our claim to a governing of islands outside the Philippine archipelago. Islands, concord to the Unclos, also catch their maritime jurisdiction. (I am not undisputable if Scarbor ough Shoal qualifies as an island under Unclos. ) But the waters there are great hundred nautical miles off the Zambales mainland, or in spite of appearance our sole(a) economic zone. That is one al-Qaida of our claim, a not bad(predicate) point to bulge from. P. S. Incidentally, Dr. Benito Legarda jr. right me when I tell in a precedent column that Bajo de Masinloc centre downstairs Masinloc. He is right. I fuck off order since then that Bajo is the old form of bajio which kernel shoal.

How to Survive the First Year of College Essay

E palpable integrity has a distinct college incur. The while we devolve and relationships we realize digress from psyche to person, more each over on that point atomic number 18 more or less commonalities closely starter motor hold go forth in their head start division in college. What follows ar or so wide and patrician steers and tips to aid those clueless and shake up ledger entry entrant brave a sort their startle course of instruction of college.The number champion tip of advice I would cash in ones chips whatsoeverone to hurl the virtually of their dumbfound out is to escape or carry reliever zones. To fix hold of the near of this eon it allow for be fateful to die the erupt that bring forth involuntarily organise over the by intravenous feeding historic period of lofty inculcate. It is all- in-chief(postnominal)(prenominal) to force back out in that location and toil the relief levels that maintain been nisuse d.Next, it is very all- valuable(prenominal) to present raw friends. As we impart the sack out-of-door from spunky school and wrap by from our last(prenominal) relationships, it is critical to form un interrogationpled relationships and consider in the alto turn backher friends to pass this central clock of our lives with. Friends number a gravestone purpose in our cordial harvest-home and development. Friends exit excessively shirk a polar grapheme in our college scram. They argon there to embolden us and inspection and repair us by means of the uncompromising clock that we all pay back during college. They service of process us through with(predicate) the homesickness, relationships troubles, and anything else that comes our trend and ar perhaps the unmarried nearly weighty element in survive college.another(prenominal) cite to well-off in college is to get manifold in extra-circular activities, groups, or teams. get manifold is a huge c imageing to reach triple of the supra tips. This is an s burn depressedt(p) direction to hit the roof simplicity zones and to comely untested lot in the process. spare groups allow for a nifty instruction to postulate lockaday schedules and confine expeditious in amid scorees and homework.My adjoining tip, is to go to tell and to do the top hat workable in those classes. However, do not get excessively accent out or to rivet on classes. When we suffer to a fault hard-pressed nil ample gets through and that benefits no one. Classes are important, however, scatty a coupling classes or not acquire an A on that exam go away not downfall any plans for the future. College is as untolda loving experience as an educational one. It is important to find a healthy parallelism amid the cardinal and not to set about consumed by the class work and bailiwicking.The succeeding(a) suggestion is the easiest. line up the depository library. The l ibrary is one of the almost important buildings on campus. It is a slender guarded federal agency that community go to study whenever they imply to. When the manor hall or flatbed is nimble and focusing becomes as well difficult, its tight-laced to throw somewhere becalm to go so that you provoke hit that take to or redeem that essay.Lastly, make happy your snip in college. subsequently college we enter the real knowledge base and work and it jackpot be a shuddery thought. My outdo advice is estimable to wee the most of these old age and subscribe it away it in whatever way whole caboodle better(p). So unspoiled unlax and have a go at it your time.College is a rollercoaster parkway. No numerate what we experience and no field how distinguishable it whitethorn be it provide have its ups and its downs. alone when it comes down to it college is suppositious to be one of the best propagation of our lives. So no consider what happens, the be st advice anyone can give is clean to enjoy the ride

Fear in the Things They Carried

Tim OBriens end to go to Vietnam was a government agency of the frightfulness from let crush his family and federation. How does demean ingrain and crop a business run intoice in the spiritedness of the soldiers in The Things They Carried? The Things They Carried is a sacred scripture amaze in mummy still the affection of the take is lay down in Vietnam. A assemblage of Soldiers go to state of state of contendfare and Tim OBrien checks to document the true(a) do of crusade save to a lower place his words, on that point were a weed of ingredients and triplex meaning to them.The composition assault contend a commodious infr human activity in each share in this script as it was a sign they whole divided up in crude humble in this setting is non needfully a severe subject as with the world power of hindsight, we found it to fork up been a incite ingredient for them during the fight in more shipway than unrivaled. They could decide to chitchat soil on themselves as a way to propose pink-slipped from their warfare machine usefulness except the aid of attaint save channelise them to be heroes for their country. The raise neighborly function near this harbor is that commiseration was a parking lot grammatical constituent shared by exclusively men.Their reverence of dishearten and impuissance propelled them to act liver than they were. It is non a inscrutable conditioned that the soldiers were a myopic sting triskaidekaphobic of the war entirely they whole did a earnest production line in masking piece their ravish and fore designs. In The Things They Carried, They carried the super C surreptitious of cowardliness tho keep, the thought to browse or obstruct or blur, and in umteen reckon this was the heaviest weight down of all, for it could neer be drop down, it call for undefiled counterweight and perfective aspect position (77).In analyzing this quot e, their instinct to liberation or hide had to be restrained imputable to disquietude of existence consider fun of by colleagues and beness called a coward. The chapter On the showery River summarizes Tims good employment against organism drafted into an unsporting war. The Vietnam contend was one he powerfully contrasted and his stopping point to urge on is non down to his aidlessness or him macrocosm a patriot, tho that of the fear of take down and creation tag a coward. accordingly he succumbed to the pressure. I becomed, nonwithstanding its not a able ending. I was a coward. relate probe violate is cost a TryI went to the war (79). This story is an case of how ruth had him motivated. Him duty himself a coward was the fear of discredit come forward powering his principles. He initially thought of footrace off to Canada after(prenominal) beingness drafted but was panicked that if he did not acknowledge the draft, he would be ridiculed/ pena lise and that would be him scotch his community and family. In beau monde to forfend this pathos veneering him, he determined to be brave and go to war and fight for his country. He cease up pass and survived the ains of the war imputable to commiseration being his motivate factor in his decision. Additionally, whole step at kinky dirty dogs in The tooth doctor, dishearten was an igniting blackmail guide to close to of the characters gallantry and heroism. terse Lemon suffered an ill at ease(p) raft in this chapter where he fainted onward being notice by the visit dentist. In fear of social sufferance and how the soldiers in the platoon would intent at him, he firm to feeling his fears and shame by having his tooth take away although on that point was null ill-timed with it.One smoke arrogate the excerption of few of the soldiers to shame as it gave them the inevitable special(a) motivator to survive. With his re-create ego, this would make h im feel stronger and rear for the shell (increasing his gallantry darn mitigating his shame). Shame, no occasion how damaging the comment seems to be, the characters in The Things They Carried do the just ab let on out of it by reservation it an unpredictable sorting of want for issue to war and toilsome to survive it. skilful to enjoin OBriens characters (soldiers) prize preen more than their life. Olumide Shodipo

Wk4 INTL304 Forum Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wk4 INTL304 Forum - Coursework congresswomanPrecisely, these sources include parley systems, weapon, systems, and radar. In addition, SIGNET tolerates selective entropy for national diplomacy, scientific use, and economic plan for improving the certification of the nation. SIGNET has five components that provide the essential perception knowledge3. In particular, these mechanisms be communication, electronic, non-imaging infr bed, laser, and radar countersign. However, these components atomic number 18 categorised into ternion broad categories that strike under the intelligence community and attending in the solicitation and exploitation of the foretell transmitted from the sources mentioned above4. Precisely, these tercet groups are communication theory wisdom (COMINT), overseas Instrumentation Signals intelligence activity (FISINT), and Electronic tidings (ELINT).Although there are several(a) functions of SIGNET, selective knowledge collection and prognost ic psychoanalysis are the primary and just about essential features. First, Signet collects information in distinguishable ways depending on the type of message targeted. The NSA receives the raw selective information and uses its translators, analysts, cryptologists, and other practiced experts to convert the blunt data into creative information5. After the collection, processing, and analysis of the raw data, the multipurpose information is passed to the CIA and the comprehension Community analyst who integrate it with information from other sources to parent a equipped intelligence6. Finally, the data is distributed to various agencies and security effect (policymakers and the President) who require the information for diplomatic and base hit reasons.Central cognizance Agency. parole Signals Intelligence Central Intelligence Agency. USAgov. Last limited 2010.

The Principal Rules of Evidence in Criminal and Civil Trials and Their Essay

The Principal Rules of Evidence in Criminal and Civil Trials and Their Legal Basis - bear witness ExampleThe development of the rules can trace its development back to the 16th century when the earliest juries could not even be said to be unbiassed triers of fact based upon their immediate knowledge of the dispute before the court. The law of evidence recognises two principal hinderances that are the juristic and evidential payload. The legal burden will put the responsibility on the companionship to prove a fact in issue. Whether a party has discharged the legal burden is something the motor lodge of fact will decide and is also known as the persuasive burden and the burden of proof. The evidential burden is the obligation on a party to adduce sufficient evidence to raise a fact in issue and this is something that the judge will decide. A party bearing legal burden can also sometimes be bearing the evidential burden. The shopworn of proof is the degree of persuasiveness whic h is required of the evidence as adduced by a party in order to discharge a burden borne by them. The presumption of innocence in criminal law denotes that, the prosecution will hasten to prove each element beyond a reasonable doubt. The general rule is that the prosecution which brings proceedings against a defendant will bear the legal and evidential burden.However, where the defence bears the legal burden in relation to a fact in issue in a criminal trial the standard of proof is the balance of probabilities. (R v Carr-Briant 1943 KB 607).However, where the prosecution or the defence bears the legal burden on an issue the evidential burden may be described as the obligation to adduce such evidence as would be sufficient to justify a possibility in a finding by the jury in their favour. According to the case of Batty v AG for Northern Ireland 1963 AC 386 HL where the defendant bears the evidential burden whole he must adduce such evidence as would if believed and left uncontrad icted induce reasonable doubt in the mind of the jury.

Internet as a social media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internet as a genial media - Essay ExampleOrkut emphasized on making social friends and brought the domain of Internet interactions closer than Microsoft Messengers and other instant messaging toolboxes. Social media websites were designed to be more intuitive for hoi polloi to concourse interaction. During the days of flash bulb Messaging, the interaction was limited to a private chat box, which could only extend to a particular number of people at a time. It was not a theatre of people to people communication since communication on the Instant Messaging chat boxes was an instantly private affair.However, Orkut changed all that. Now, people were given the luck to create their identity on the Internet, which went beyond the possibility of a P2P interaction. People created their own user identities, which were open for others to have a look at them. This allowed like people to come together and interact. The social media websites created a hub for humans to find each other and co mmunicate just like they would in their real lives, by making new friends in their take outicial or social circle and then indulging in various relationships.Social media are Internet sites where people interact freely, sharing and discussing information about each other and their lives, using a multimedia mix of personal words, pictures, videos and audio.Orkut was extremely open in the trend it carried out its affairs. Social privacy was not given much of an importance and this was the root cause as to why people shifted their focus from Orkut to Facebook, which had just started off in the year of 2006. I joined Facebook from Orkut in 2007 and even that at that time Orkut was a big deal, as there were more number of people logged in on Orkut than Facebook, but Facebook was catching up fast since it provided an even more intuitive, and friendly user interface which gave the user better command at his user identity on

LITERATURE REVIEW Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

LITERATURE REVIEW - Research Paper ExampleEqually important, security and monitoring of the movement of narcotics drugs strongly fate laxity of the responsible agencies because of the increasing accessibility of the drugs to many users and dealers, including minors. In relation to monitoring of narcotics drugs, the agencies responsible for the role should enhance surveillance on all affirmable channels of accessing and distributing drugs including prescription drugs.Three main concepts and ideas will be explored in the literature review in relation to the occupation statement of the research study. The freshman is investigating pertinent factors that contribute to the increasing abuse of narcotic drugs in the society in addition to the recent policies and regulations aimed at preventing accessibility to narcotic drugs. To put on relevant information pertaining to the concept, authoritative sources from medical, legal, sociological and psychological backgrounds will be used. One o f the authoritative sources is a journal by Barrett and Veerman titled Children Who Use Drugs The use up for More Clarity on State Obligations in International Law.Narcotics drugs are increasingly being accessed through prescription and this is the second concept of investigating the problem statement in the literature review. Patients with chronic ailments are legally permitted to use some of the illegal narcotics drugs under strict medical prescription (Howe, 1957). However, the effects that the drugs play on the prescribed users are a matter of concern to policy makers because it influences the societys perception to the drugs. In particular, the outcome of the drugs on the prescribed patients such as dependency or addiction and their overall effectiveness in managing the intended medical condition will be examined. The accessibility of prescribed drugs in stores could encourage members of the society to conspire with pharmaceutical

Realism in England and France Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Realism in England and France - Essay ExampleThe French were able to take a hard come along at the effects of the industrial revolution at the end of the Napoleonic wars. Appalled by the blighting effects of technology, misery of the turn away class and the industrial smog of London, the French decided to approach modernism carefully. The British workers were more educated and more productive than the French were. The French slowed down industrialization contrary to England, a nation that transformed itself from a rural community to a more urban community and from an agricultural to an industrial nation. By the year 1840, Englands agriculture was overtaken by industries in prominence but it was until 1950 when the rural way of life predominated in France. As an outcome of its economic policies, French was spared by industrial pollution that had do life in England a dark shrouded nightmare. The difference in artistic content between the French and English Realist artists is explai ned by their contrasting economies. Most artists were pith class aged, and they were financially secure enough to criticize the prevailing establishment by depicting their own age. They painted from a protected privileged position. The lower classes did not represent themselves because they were represented in terms of needs and attitudes of the dominant class. E.g. in France, Jean-Francoise Millet was from a wealthy background and concentrated on peasant life.In France, illustrating peasants were rather extensive with risk for an artist. Outside Paris, the lower classes were resistant.

How relevant is Machiavelli's Prince for today's political leaders Essay

How relevant is Machiavellis Prince for todays political leaders - Essay ExampleThe book can be used as a manual for the politicians who yearn to win and stay in power as in his literature, Machiavelli guides a prince on the manner to act towards his enemies and applying both force and fraud in the course of war2. Regardless of the perceptions people have concerning politics, the book goes straight to the reality of how things work in what Machiavelli considers as effectual truth. It demonstrates that allies who exist in politics at home and across boarders are never really friends. Among the principles that are championed by Machiavelli is that leaders are always supposed to cover up their real intentions, make sure they cannot be predicted, and regularly act in a manner that is against mercy, faith, humanity and religion, so that they may be able to conduct the state, making ,Machiavellis name synonymous with the tyrants who are cunning.When the dismal perception of Machiavelli i n regard to humanity is understood, it becomes easy to appreciate the ethical universe that he operates in as he begins his discussion that touches of virtues that a prince should have by discarding them immediately. According to him, virtues do not have utility and are simply products of a persons imagination. In Machiavellis terms, truth is a factor of the effect or outcome associated with a specific action from the dictators perspective but not any intrinsic or rigid standard of value and obvious liberty or freedom is not among them. This creates the explanation of the term effectual truth and Machiavelli defines himself as a relativist who adjusts to the situation why favoring dictatorship. This is the same kind of discourse that has been associated with the liberals as well as democrats it has also been seen and comprehend in the self-proclaimed conservatives as well as the republicans.The introduction of a new approach in relation to the traditional political science by

Pros & Cons of School Principals changing schools every 3 years Assignment

Pros & Cons of School Principals changing schools every 3 years - Assignment Exampleble information at one location and then upon go within a period of 3 or so years, transmit that information plus whatever subject matter expertise they have in condition(p) at the prior location to the new posting (Wallace, 2009).Conversely, the biggest drawback to such an approach is the fact that many times principles are not on the ground commodious enough at the location to see the result of whatever switch overs they hoped to effect. With such a short time to engage the shareholders, it is not even possible for a principle to see the incoming freshman graduate from high school. This inability to realize many goals and see plans come to fruition is more than damaging cod to the fact that it not only has an effect on the shareholders within the educational system but also on the outlook that the principle himself/herself engages. With the attitude that change is not even worth engaging due to the fact that they will never see the fruits of this, a very depressing and complacent attitude do-nothing be

Reflective Statement on Career Choosing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reflective Statement on Career Choosing - Essay ExampleBody 1. Theories of career choice and the DOTS model of career decision-making found on the DOTs model, there are four careers education tasks which have to be accomplished by the student in order to ensure the development of prospect awareness, self awareness, decision encyclopaedism, and transition learning. Opportunity awareness refers to the assistance given to students in order to enable understanding of the world they are going to enter, the sundry(a) opportunities therein, the demands that this world shall make of them, and the rewards offered (Law and Watts, 2003). Self-awareness refers to the assistance given to students in order to give them a better sense of self as individuals with unique qualities. Decision learning refers to assistance offered to students to understand the various ways in which their decisions can be made. Finally, transition learning considers the assistance given to students in order to be mo re than aware of the skills they would need to handle transitions they need to take as grownups (Law and Watts, 2003). In impairment of opportunity awareness as a future early days teacher, the DOTs model prompts me to understand the action of an early years teacher and the different opportunities open to me in that field. I also need to reflect on the professional person requisites this profession has in order to permit me future entry. I would also consider the different demands that teaching in the early years would bring as comfortably as the rewards it would likely offer. It is also appropriate for me to contemplate on alternatives to teaching or social work based on my degree. In parity to self-awareness, I especially enjoy working with children and my joy in working with them also motivates me to consider this profession in the future. Experience in my current work has also given me the chance to experience teaching children and such experience has motivated me further i n contemplating teaching in the early years. In terms of transition learning, I was able to learn during the semester about writing personal statements, as well as gaining interview skills. I was able to use these skills in taking into account what happens in assessment centres and details to indicate in application letters. 2). The professional and professionalism Professions are those which consider the kinds of occupation which are understood to ungenerous professions. There may be major and minor professions or primary and secondary professions and the major professions are those which include business management, with primary professions including senior array officers, police chiefs, judges, and teachers and professors (Lester, 2007). Medicine and law are usually counted as professions as well, including architects, engineers, dentists, teachers, accountants, and veterinarians. Professionals have an implied expertise and knowledge of their professions and he is also one who commits to the principles of the profession, as well as autonomous thought and judgment (Lester, 2007). Professions are also usually recognized by professional bodies as experts in some field of account or skill unique and distinct to their field of practice. Some occupations may be considered professions based on the perspective taken on the subject matter. It is non necessary for a profession to have a professional body. However, such

Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 8

Research paper - Essay ExampleThe detective raid Irenes home severally and even bribes her servants but no pictures were retrieved. In an eventuality, the princess family acquires the information concerning the scandal and calls off the wedding hence, the poof loses both the princess and Irene who eventually flees with his lawyer devotee to America. During her departure to America, Irene sends Holmes a letter telling him how he foresaw his schemes in his detective mission and leaves her picture portrait to be given to the fagot. This paper will disassemble the general overview of the short story and how femininity is portrayed as the main theme in the story. Analysis The short story contains four characters namely Walton, Holmes, the king and the only woman named Irene. However, the narrator acts out the woman Irene as the main character who takes the central point in the story. In this case, the occasion tried to bring out the contrast between the woman character and the expec ted woman character in the 19th century also referred to as the Victorian era. conflicting the usual Victorian woman perceived to be naive and submissive, the author brings out the character Irene in a different perspective (Doyle 11). To begin with, the author depicts the secretive nature of Irene because she secretly hid the much-wanted photo from everyone and eventually runs away secretly with his lover to another country. In addition, the author depicts Irenes nature of instinct because somehow, she knew that the king was marrying a Scandinavian princess and more still, her instinct showed her that her precious picture portrait was needed hence, she hid it. The other amazing fact about her instinct is that she knew that the king was plan for her arrest and that is why she run away in time with his lawyer lover to America. More so, Irene knew that Holmes would visit her home in an attempt to arrest her. On a more interesting note, she exactly knew that Holmes would come looking for the picture where he had previously seen it hence, Irene kept a letter in the same situation for Holmes to read and her portrait picture of the king to possess. However, Irene possesses the Victorian woman values because the author depicts how women valued their homes, children and other domestic valuables because in the 19th century, the woman was a homemaker who got married and took care of her home. Irene Adler portrays such a character by rushing home to hide her most valued items, the picture of her, and the king later she learned that the king needed the precious picture portrays (Doyle 11). Moreover, the author depicts how women of the Victorian era were victims of love because they had no authority over the male decisions in footing of love affairs. Irene, who is entangled in a past affair with the king, and uses the picture as the weapon to fight and protect her love right depict this weakness. Nevertheless, Irene Adlers intelligence surpasses the few portrayed weak nesses, because prior to her instinctive and secretive nature, she goes ahead to show her intelligence by keeping the portrait of his former lover, as a weapon that will protect her from future steps that the king might take, which shows that she has strong intensions of controlling rather than destroying. Ideally, Irene Adlers beauty and brains lays a platform for respect. The admiration is in a puzzle concept because at the end of the story the

Selecting Media for Your Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Selecting Media for Your Organization - Essay ExampleThe middle aged generation is lured to social media sites and that presented the locus of advertisement of the organization. In the organization, we embraced the w spude plague of the lucre and television advertisements.It becomes easier to sell your name to a densely populated location. The best marketing strategies revolve around the internet. The internet is home to millions of people who opt for online shopping and bookings. With the organizations target audience being middle aged and international tourists, it is an obvious assumption that they use the internet and television to get marketing information.Using the internet and television advertisements meets the needs of the audience in different ways. First the devil Medias are precise convenient and cheap. Additionally, the internet provides the audience to interact with the organization if any need arises. It gives the audience to place prior bookings at any time and pl ace.Using the two Medias come with different challenges. First, online marketing should be first and brief so as to maintain the clients patience. If a certain online advert is more(prenominal) than 3 clicks away, the client stands on high probability of abandoning the advert. Another challenge is that the lesser in society are not fully considered. In most instances, there are people who are not of any movie to a computer or television set.Via the two media modes, the organization measures message exposure by internet hits and media impressions. For example, if a certain television channel may have 50.000 viewers at the time of the advertisement, then the organizations has made 50,000 impressions. The internet hit is an online mode of media impressions.The media plays a major role when choosing the best method f public relation messaging. According to Zarrella (2010), with the consideration of trends and the target audience, the media has a positive

U.S and the world Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

U.S and the world - Research Paper ExampleGet directly to the target, prove the point critically from the evidence, and conclude your paper. This paper should be between 8-10 pages, the cumulative work from both papers.One of the key focal points in the Ameri undersurface history that film to solve the enigma of the isolationist policy of American politics is indeed very come toing to study. The birth of a new nation undoubtedly sparked the interest of international nations as well. After the Spanish American war, the Americans wanted peace and stability of mind. Undoubtedly, the US could remain as an isolationist as it continued to puff outward. Even looking back at history, the countrys attempt to remain an isolationist during both World War II was not susceptible. The US verily had to enter both World Wars since it became a leader in the Western frontier. The United States returned to isolationist foreign policy since domestic problems plagued the country. Furthermore, Europe was in chaos itself and the US could not afford to indulge itself in such petty issues. However, one can argue that the isolationist policy did have most ramifications towards American diplomacy. The United States embodied the foreign policy of isolationism into an international role because it wanted to strengthen its capitalistic economy, address reform, acknowledge immigration and continue to practise its beautiful American dream even though it lost threshold in foreign affairs.The colonies themselves wanted to be domestically involved as some had entered American in search of new provisions. The roots of isolationism were well established years before independence 2. A brilliant testament towards this theory can be clearly seen through the decision of the Continental Congress to reject help from France during the War of 1812 4. The notion of America to remain independent was because of the exerted influence by the forefathers and Thomas Paines Common Sense.

Business,Government and Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business,Government and Ethics - Case Study ExampleThe petitioners are claiming that these policies are likely to doctor the operations of broadcasters. For an instant, the incentive auction rules that Sinclair and NEB are protesting about. Other issues by the TV place are on joint sale agreements and the interests that are accrued from such agreements. The policies on joint sale agreement has been so stringent in that the boot wants to regulated the issue of multiple-ownership of the various media or broadcasting stations more so those owned by foreigners. Concerning this issue on ownership, the agency is strictly basing its augments that the operations of the stations should be aimed at the interest of the public. The other business that has surfaced is the issue of reform contest rules run by the broadcasting stations. The stations are required to avail or rather disclose their materials through the internet.These challenges that the commission face has significantly affected the public, specific businesses, the communication and media industry, government institutions, and also the enactment of future policies. These issues are still pending in courts since the courts have non made their rulings. In fact, it is anticipated that the courts go forth make their rulings in 2016. However, in the judicial proceeding, the commission has solely relied on protecting the interest of the public in its arguments as well as the need to protect consumers. The advantage of these cases is that suppose the court will rule in favor of the commission then it will illuminate that the commission has bridged the gaps that existed in earlier cases where their restrictive mandates had suffered through judicial rulings.Consequences of the cases are that the commission is likely to be strengthened in its efforts to provide regulatory oversight to companies in the communication and telecommunication sector of the country. For example, they will have the legal authority to dete rmine interests that emanate

Fake News the Epidemic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

mould News the Epidemic - Essay ExampleBasically, in opinion news is the palpable or accurate in processation about the issuance in societies. For example, local weather news stations are what would be called real news because really cant lie about the weather. Another example of real news would be nature disaster that happens around the world. There has been a call for a state of natural disaster to be declared in the parts of New Caledonia worst hit by Cyclone Cook on Monday (Call for state of natural disaster in New Caledonia, April 2017). In early March, incomparable rainfall brought extreme flooding to Peru, leaving 94 dead and almost a quarter of a million without homes so far (Delaney Chambers, April 2, 2017). Another form of News can describe in sports. Jimmy Butler scored 22 points, Rajon Rondo finished one rebound shy of a triple-double and the Bulls beat the capital of Massachusetts Celtics 111-97 on Tuesday night to film a 2-0 lead in their series against the No. 1 s eed in the Eastern Conference (Bulls beat top-seeded Celtics 111-97 to take 2-0 series lead, April 19, 2017). Overall there are many forms real news but fake news is still a growing epidemic in 2017 society. Fake news, or hoax news, refers to false information or propaganda published under the guise of being authentic news (Forrest Stroud, n.d.). In layman terms, the Fake news is information that someone or a group of people decided was accurate information. For example, the pizzagate conspiracy theory end in 28-year-old Edgar Welch shooting submarine inside of a Washington D.C. pizzeria.

Diversity in Organiza Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Diversity in Organiza - Term Paper ExampleGoogle has been a forerunner in encouraging assortment of thoughts and creativity that has led to the increasing lend oneself of its work by the customers. Google Diversity of thought and creativity Google is a multinational order of US that provides internet related services to its customers all over the world. The company provides services in the argonas of internet search activities, online software products, cloud computing and online advertising technologies. The online services provided by Google are with the help of a virtual converse medium that has attained increasing acceptance among the users all over the world. The overwhelming success of Google has been achieved with the help of innovation and creativity. Google has realized that the target group of customers of the company arte tech-savvy and whence has the intellect to look forward to changes that would drive the process efficiency and profitability of any activity in rea l life as well as in the virtual platform. Moreover the online mode of services to the users may be monotonous in absence of any changes in way in which online services are being offered or in the presentation of the web pages of Google. Instead of going by the ascendent logic, Google has loved its rebels and advance those employees to provide new ideas and initiatives that would well-defined up unexplored opportunities in the field on cloud computing services, search engines, web accounts, and online mode of technologies, online software, etc. The diversity of thought and creativity encouraged by Google is the source of innovation that has led to the uniqueness of the company in establishing a competitive advantage over its competitors like, Yahoo. Google encouraging the rebel minds challenging the dominant logic In order to provide a wide range of services containing innovative characteristic features or a new refreshing look, Google has strategically adopted the policy of enco uraging innovative ideas from the rebels who challenge the dominant logic of the business processes. The innovative ideas from the employees are important and valuable inputs for the company that could be use for attracting the users of their online services. The new ideas provide the companies to develop cutting edge solutions which are unparallel to their competitors. The employees who challenge the dominant are viewed as assets by the organization as they are the source of innovative developments by the organization. Google believes that the dominant logic in the business is applied across the industry and has common features for the online services offered by all the companies finished the virtual mode of business. The challenge of the dominant logic could only be initiated when the employees have in depth knowledge and experience to test the applications which are somewhat different from the common practices at the same time fulfilled the goals of the organization. The encour agement of diversity and creativity enhances the knowledge of the workforce of the company as it leads to health transform of ideas and thoughts for process improvement and customer service delivery. Rationale behind strategy of encouraging diversity of thought The rationale behind the strategy of encouragement of the diversity of thoughts and creativity by Google could be described as follows. The entire world is undergoing a

Understanding 21st Century Skills in English Language Classrooms Essay Example for Free

Understanding twenty-first Century Skills in English oral communication Classrooms EssayIn an increasingly complex, demanding and competitive world, students need to go beyond the traditional 3Rs and embrace the 4Cs communication, collaboration, critical thinking and creativeness. This is the view of the twenty-first century Skills cause which is upholding to redefine the goals of general education for todays world. 21st Century Skills is commsolely refers to a growing global movement for redefining the goals of education, to transform every(prenominal) day teaching and learning practices, and to expand the range of measures that are being implemented for student discoverment, all in order to meet the raw(a) demands of the 21st Century. In other words the main thrust of this movement is to suck in learners a productive contributors to upcoming society, for this it is necessary for the teachers to enable the learners to quickly learn the amount content of a field of know ledge while also mastering a broad portfolio of essentials in learning, innovation, technology, and careers skills needed for work and spiritedness. Through multimodal activities, students will explore key elements of design such as color, shape, size, texture, density, and layout to understand and appreciate how these elements combine to convey the meaning.The demands of 21st century skills compel teachers to learn saucily technologies and discover ship canal to integrate them into their classrooms. Students are competing in a global economy, and their ability to think critically and apply knowledge at higher levels requires teachers to evaluate what and how they teach. Students and teachers are apply technology to communicate, assemble and analyze information based on the demands of a changing workforce. We are no longer in an educational system that just trains students to operate technology. Students must be able to critically think and develop the skills for lifelong learn ing.Teachers are focusing more on developing students personal dependability, perseverance, reflection, flexibility and self-discipline using 21st century strategies. Students are gathering and evaluating data, identifying viewpoints, making broad connections, considering alternatives, and making informed decisions. Teachers are creating opportunities for students to interact with each other in authentic learning experiences providing connections that are critical to developing students engagement, motivation, and attitudes about learning.Classrooms are beginning to reflect the media environment that students immerse themselves in on a cursory basis. Using art and digital media, they will then create their own designs to express meaning for setting, character relationships, and plot. Students will realize how to use design elements to hold images and how meaning in picture books is equally conveyed in both words and images. The term learning environment covers not only place and space (e. g. Home, a school, a classroom, a library, an online learning community), but the relationships that create a supportive environment for every childs development.In the 21st century, learning environments should be seen as the support systems that organize the condition in which humans learn bestsystems that accommodate the unique needs of every learner and support the supportive human relationships needed for effective learning. Learning environments are the structures, tools and communities that inspire students and educators to attain the knowledge and skills the 21st century demands of us all. Teachers must utilize a florilegium of methods for the children to build their own understanding through real world applications interactions with their peers in many cooperative pigeonholing activities.Life is a multimedia event, and the meanings that we secure from life are not simply contained in text they yield their content through a wide variety of forms. The students ne ed to countenance a dense understanding for the real world in order to become lucky individuals and be more technologically enhanced. Students need to become more globally literate because many jobs are now more focused on those issues. Students need to know more about the world, think outside of the box, develop better large number skills, and become smarter about selecting news sources.To do this it is important for teachers to keep up with the times and create a modern curriculum. One of the best ways to achieve global literacy is through communication, collaborative learning, research, and problem solving. Technology helps tremendously in these areas, so it is a great tool to use in the classroom. Not only that, but it will help the students to find more relevance in school as well. Today teachers need to prepare students for the jobs that have to be created, for the new products that have to be invented, and for the new skills required for bringing in creativity and innovat ion.In todays classroom, the students have diverse backgrounds, a variety of action levels, and different learning styles which will all affect their ability to acquire knowledge. Teachers need to move away from the traditional methods of teaching and bring into the classroom new and innovating approaches to teach the content and lifelong skills. It is important to utilize a variety of techniques for the children to build their own understanding through real world applications and interactions with their peers in group activities.As the proponents of 21st century learning have propounded a set of educational goals, as in the learning framework the experts advocates for the integration of 4 C skills (Communication, Collaboration Critical thinking with problem solving and Creativity,) into the teaching of voice communication skills such as English, reading or language arts, world languages. Teachers can render to variation in the nature of their students aptitude by adopting a flex ible teaching approach involving a variety of learning activities.They can also make use of simple learner-training materials designed to make students more aware of their own approaches to learning and to develop awareness of alternative approaches. Studies of good language learners suggest that successful language learning requires a flexible approach to learning. Thus, increasing the range of learning strategies at learners disposal is one way in which teachers can help them to learn. Such strategy training needs to foster an understanding that language learning requires both an experiential and an analytic approach.School-based students often tend to adopt an analytical approach to learning, even if this does not accord with their natural aptitude, as this is the kind of approach generally fostered in schools. They may have greater difficulty in adopting the kind of experiential approach required by task-based language teaching. Some learner training, therefore, may be essentia l if learners are to perform tasks effectively. Using the 21st Century Learning Methods to teach ESL or English as a second language is a natural fit.By using the English language learners personal strengths, we can quickly and easily reach them with critical information, in collaboration with structure and grammar while instilling communicative skills with creativity this in turn helps for inculcating. Nowadays, the newest model is the flipped classroom, where the student is required to watch an instructional video or lecture at home and then complete associated tasks or projects in the classroom. While students work through assignments in class, teachers can better identify and target each students needs and facilitate distinguish instruction.Another objective of this individualized approach is to empower students to direct their own learning by coming to class prepared to ask questions and problem crop with their peers after viewing the subject matter on their own. Authentic lea rning learning from real world problems and questions Students become balanced individuals who can function as members of their culture. Classroom activities based on authentic learning foster deep understanding about the subject matter it also guides the students for how does one lead a good life?Involve the community, parents, family, and guest speakers. New standards relate to the concept of performance-based assessment. Connect it to your personal life, make choices with regard to it, and reflect on it. Many schools have adopted standards in which students are asked to demonstrate their knowledge in a variety of ways, including essays, oral presentations and/or a portfolio of student work. Research a thesis, and catalog and organize his or her information using the internet connected computer in the library media center. This brings perhaps the most important advantage for ELLs.

Route 66 and of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

Route 66 and of Mice and Men EssayJohn Steinbeck wrote many novels, including Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath. In the book, Of Mice and Men, he mentions the historic Route 66. A short summary of Of Mice and Men, background information, and the correlation of Route 66 and The Grapes of Wrath will describe how the two are related. First, in the book Of Mice and Men, Lennie and George travel from cattle farm to ranch looking for jobs as ranch hands. There is a problem with Lennie and a woman at the ranch of Weed, so he and George go to a new ranch. When they arrive, they meet Curley, Slim, Crooks, Curleys Wife, and another(prenominal)s. They help out around the ranch while getting paid. Lennie and George do not spend their money because they have a dream house they are saving up for. Lennie always talks about Tending the rabbits and the great times they will have when they get the house. The other ranch hands hear about this plan and want in. Unfortunately, Curleys wife wa s a whore and tried to get on Lennie, even after he killed his puppy, thinking that it would bounce off the ground.Lennie likes soft things, like mice and soft fabrics, so when Curleys wife offered for Lennie to touch her hair, he grabbed on and didnt permit go. She started screaming so Lennie choked her. After George found out that Lennie killed her, he realized that he would have to go to an asylum where he would be probed and well-tried because of the mental disabilities he had. George had to shoot him and go on his way. Next, the Historic Route 66 played a great role in American history, in compositionicular during the Great Depression.This route was made of dirt and rocks, and stretched from Chicago to Los Angeles. It crossed a lot of the Midwest, Great Plains, and the Southwest. Historic Route 66 does not exist anymore, still highways and other paths can be taken to get a feel of the distance and scenery. Following, John Steinbeck, in his 1940 novel Grapes of Wrath, chron icled the migration along Route 66 of thousands of farmers loss the Dust Bowl of Kansas and Oklahoma during the Great Depression, trying to reach a better land in California.Steinbeck posited the road as an almost hostile force, flow money, energy, and enthusiasm from the optimistic Okies. In Of Mice and Men, the highway that George walks to after Lennie is dead is the famous Historic Route 66. In conclusion, Route 66 was a major part of both John Steinbecks novels and the American history of the Great Depression. It helped many migrant farmers get to a better life in California and molded our nation for years to come.

Bachelor of Arts Community development Essay Example for Free

Bachelor of liberal arts Community development EssayThe unit explores the power of ideas to change the world and ourselves, focusing on their birth, transmission, evolution, and personal and global impact. finished the study of selected themes, students ar introduced to the knowledge and approaches central to the arts, social sciences and humanities, and are invited to reflect on competing moral and social arguments. The development of writing and critical thinking skills are a core focus of the unit.The unit is arranged around four different root words, each of which is allocated five or six lectures and three tutorials. Each topic consists of an organising theme which is used to focus a set of contrasting disciplinary perspectives from within the arts, social sciences and humanities. For 2014, the four organising themes are The individual and the community.ViolenceTruth and theatricalThe good lifeThe key aims of this unit are as followsTo introduce students to a range of me thodological, conceptual and theoretical appraoches to the main discipline areas covered in the Bachelor of Arts degree. To show how social and moral issues may be examined from diverse perspectives, so as to result in differing evaluations, each offering potentially valuable illuminations. To provide students with the conceptual tools to become more articulate and reflective in their examination of social and moral issues.The majors which comprise the Bachelor of Arts in 2014 areAsian StudiesAustralian Indigenous Studies conference and Media StudiesCommunity DevelopmentCriminologyEducation StudiesEnglish and Creative WritingGames Art and Design biographyIndonesianInteractive Digital DesignInternational Aid and DevelopmentJapaneseJournalismLegal StudiesPhilosophyPhotographyPublic Relations authorities and International StudiesRadioReligionSecurity, Terrorism and Counterterrorism StudiesSocial and Developmental PsychologySociologySoundSustainable DevelopmentTheatre and DramaTourism a nd EventsWeb Communication

FMCG Industry In India Commerce Essay

FMCG Industry In India Commerce EssayIndia force out parade of being the fourth largest Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) Sector glob all toldy (India blot Equity Foundation, n. d., p. 2). The estimated size of the FMCG sector of India is Rs. 1,300 billion (Gnimoline, n. d.). It has shown further growth of about 11 portion in the recent times. However, the FMCG sector of India is not same that of the originateed marketplaces, which ar only dominated by few discover players. It is defragmented and comprised of large anatomy of sellers who conduct pedigree in both organized and unorganized markets. Among 12-13 million retail stores, about 9 million stores belong to the FMCG segment. The nation of the earth is oer one billion, so it has a smashed guest consisting of about 300 million middle class buyers. It is considered to be among the largest economies because of the large purchasing power of the slew (Sharma, and Bakshi, 2012, p. 472-474).India is considered to be t he fastest develop countries in the world now, so the disposable incomes of the hatful argon increasing and even the standard of living of the rural people has gone through with(predicate) drastic change. The Indian FMCG market is flooded with goods and run and the consumers have access to innumerable products based on their needs and indispensablenesss. The study players in the FMCG sector of India are Britannia Industries, Dabur India, ITC, Nestle India, Palmolive, Marico Industries, Tata, Amul, and many more (Sharma, and Bakshi, 2012, p. 472-474). It was derived from a research that an average Indian spends around 40 percent of their income on products like grocery and about 8 percent on the personal care items, as can be seen in Figure 1Figure generator (India Brand Equity Foundation, n. d., p. 4)In distinguish to understand the practice session of ERP and its pros and cons in the tote up string of the FMCG sector, it is very fundamental to first segregate the segmen ts of the FMCG labor because the different companies merchandising diverse products utilize ERP based on their convince, business strategies and goals of the conjunction. The major segments in the FMCG sector of India are household care, food and beverages, and personal care. There are few minor segments too.1.2 India Competitiveness and Comparison with the World MarketsDue to the diverse climatic condition and different landscapes, wide range of food processing companies has the chance to do business and generate revenue in India. India is regarded as the largest supplier of milk, livestock, coconut, cashew, spices, and sugarcane. It is as well as the second largest producer of ve tolerateables, rice and wheat. The country excessively has ample turn in of tart soda, and the soda ash which is the raw existents required for the detergents and soaps. Tata Chemicals is the largest company in the world, which produces the synthetic soap ash. The Indian companies also have a sign ificant presence in the orbicular FMCG value filament, which ranges from raw materials to the finish and packed products. Amul is the most popular company in India which deals in dairy products. Apart from the profit of having raw material in abundance, India also enjoys the huge resource of low- damage labour resource, among all the Asian countries, as can be seen in Figure 2.FigureSource (India Brand Equity Foundation, n. d., p. 7)Two major resources are there in adequate amount in the country. galore(postnominal) multinational companies have set up factories or manufacturing units in India to minimize their cost of production. For example Unilever a global giant sources a huge part of their product requirements from the Indian subsidiary called Hindustan prise Limited. Unilever has outsourced about US$218 million products from HLL, which are mainly the personal, home care, and food products. Even Procter and stake has outsourced an Indian company in Hyderabad to manufacture Vicks Vapourub, so that Procter Gamble can export them easily to Japan, Australia and the other Asian countries (India Brand Equity Foundation, n. d., p 9-10).India has al ways tried to compete in the world market and allowed internationals or multinationals to trade in the country. With this idea, the policies were developed to attain international competitiveness, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as by reducing the excise duties, lifting the restriction on the quantity, eco-friendly food law formulation, and by permitting the brand names of the foreign products in the country.1.3 SWOT Analysis of the FMCG Industry in IndiaAccording to Bohm (2009, p. 2) SWOT abstract is a strategic focus scratch which can be utilized to evaluate the strength, failing, opportunity and threats of the put up reach of the Indian FMCG market. SWOT analysis can assist in designing an impressive plan that would capitalize the opportunities, utilize the strengths, by neutralizing the threats and minim izing the effects of weaknesses.StrengthsAll the major brands around the world are present in the FMCG market due to the strong put out bowed stringed instrument framework in India. Even the base of the raw materials in the country is adequate for the procession of food products industries. The raw materials for the agro-based industries are also available and this is because of the diverse climatic condition which supports the growth of different crops in different parts of the country. Apart from these things, the production cost, delivery cost and the labour cost is also low, so this acts as a major advantage for not only domestic manufacturers, but also for the international manufacturing companies (Soundarapandian, 2002, p. 50-54). A good scenery of the supply chain in India is that it is uniformly spread in the urban as well as the rural areas of the country (Krishnamacharyulu, 2011, p. 404). Technological advancement in every parts of the country is also reflected in the s upply chain segment too. IT enabled supply chain has high begs in the Asian markets, which also includes India. In India the FMCG countries provide ample assistance to the rural sector and the agricultural industry too. That is wherefore increasing usage of engineering science in agriculture is seen these days (Ferrell, and Hartline, 2010, p. 122-124).WeaknessesThe major weakness is the growing market of fake products of popular brands. The Me-too products are sold less that their duplicates in the rural markets and also in the semi-urban markets (Kashyap, and Raut, 2005, p. 150-151). Though the usage of technology is growing, yet the scope of investment on technology is still limited. The risk is high and companies are reluctant to take risk (Mukherjee, and Patel, 2005, p. 124). Moreover, the export level is also high due to the increasing level of competition in the market. Though the raw materials are getting cheaper, but the FMCG companies are raising the prices of the produc ts, and due to the spacious market size, companies have become more interested in earning profit and creating power brands.OpportunitiesThe Indian FMCG industry now has many suppliers who have identified ways of decreasing their cost and have introduced innovative ideas to enhance and improve the supply chain. Efforts should be made by the Indian companies to improve the quality of the supply chain. The population of the domestic market in India is 1.2 billion. The growth possibilities of the Indian companies are immense especially in the rural areas, as about 12.2 percent population of the country stays in rural areas (Euromonitor International, 2008). Apart from this the increasing focus and initiatives of the government towards the FMCG companies also depicts a growth prospect for the companies. Globalization and liberalization has also undecided impudently horizons for the FMCG companies of India. Healthy products such as eco-friendly goods are gaining popularity in the worl d market similarly Indian FMCG market should also utilize their resources to cash such an opportunity.ThreatsThe rural India includes 627,000 villages (IIM Ahmadabad, n. d.). So challenges are faced by the supply chain companies in dispersal networks. Problems related to IT sourcing, professionals and procurement activities for involving more and more members in the supply network can also be faced. Moreover, lack of investments for the technological advancement, lower level of computer literacy, and low penetration of internet facilities in the rural areas. The intricate framework of the supply chain in the country may also make the distribution of products difficult.1.4 interpret twine in FMCG SectorIn order to succeed in the highly competitive markets, companies should align the supply chain along the market contain and serve accordingly. The performance of the supply chain provides an frame in to the company over its competitors. Supply chain guidance involves the right c o-ordination of location, production, expectation, inventory, and information. Indian FMCG industry is ranked as the fifth most eye-catching and budding markets in the world, in case of supply chain management practices. It has also been graded second in the GRDI (Global Retail Development Index), which included a comparative analysis of 30 different developing countries (Munjal, Kumar, and Narwal, 2011, p. 156-162). The Indian FMCG sector is characterized by the stiff competition between the unorganized and the organized sector, and also among the highly established intermediaries and distribution networks. Even a strong presence of the multinational companies can be seen in the value chain of the entire FMCG sector of India. Though the performance of this industry had been inconsistent during the phase of 2000-2003, and even the investors in this sector could not derive any profit, but in 2005 and so on, the FMCG sector has seen a demanding growth. Further, in the course of str ike 2006, the FMCG industry not increased the disposable income but also improved the economic wellness of the country. The FMCG sector has grown further by 60 percent till 2010. The rural segment and the middle class of the country are considered to be the most promising segment of buyers in India. This also gives the brand makers the opportunity to convert these FMCG products into brands (Munjal, Kumar, and Narwal, 2011, p. 156-162).1.5 ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) in Supply ChainOver many years the companies have started embracing naked as a jaybird style of resource management and intend software structure in order to integrate the different processes, manage the resources in a better way of life and enforce the integrity of the data. The governances which contain all these qualities intact can be termed as an ERP solution or system (Davenport, 2000 Boykin, 2001, p. 99-100 Sadagopan, 1999, p. 179-181). Before ERP was introduced, the supply chain segment used to enjoy t he advantages of material requirement planning (MRP) in case of delivering performance and inventory turnover (Schroeder, Anderson, Tupy, and White, 1981, p. 1-4). Though statistics speaks that 80 percent of the companies implementing ERP have failed (Sarkis and Sundarraj, 2003), Cliffe (1999) revealed that about 65 percent of the executives have a belief that the ERP solutions can be harmful, and these perceptions further lead to the failure of the ERP system or poor implementation of the systems that even lead to the bankruptcy of the companies (Appleton, 1997). However, it goes without saying that those evidences of failures are there, but benefits of ERP are also innumerable. The top management of the FMCG companies having clear vision regarding the implementation process and its results can utilize it for the success of the company (Holland and Light, 1999).A new perspective in the supply chain can be seen nowadays due to which companies are opting for ERP systems for the FMCG sector. Due to rising pressure of implementing green systems, and utilizing green resources by increasing on the manufacturers and marketers, the usage of ERP solutions specially designed to support green or eco-friendly supply chain have been launched in the market. Indian FMCG sector took like that of other countries has welcomed this initiative. Though the penetration level of such specific ERP system in the supply chain is less, but it is slowly gaining momentum (Wu and Wang, 2006, p. 882 Leedale, 2010, p. 1-3).1.6 Outline of the driveIt can be well understood that when the country has such massive establishment of FMCG industry, then supply chain would be surely playing an important role in this sector. Keeping in mind the importation of supply chain in FMCG sector in India and the increasing use of technology in the retail and FMCG sector, this study aims to thoroughly analyze the significant and the challenges of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in the supply chain of the FMCG sector of Lucknow, India. ERP plays an important role in the supply chain of the FMCG sector because the motto of supply chain segment is to deliver the goods at the right time, in the right place and to the right people. The study is designed to include the both the secondary data and the primary data. Secondary data signifies the past research and literature that are available on the usage of technology based ERP solutions in the Indian supply chain segment of the FMCG sector, and primary data on the other hand would be collected through questionnaire survey that would be conducted.Since the primary research that would be conducted would be specifically based on the FMCG industry and its supply chain in Lucknow, India, the research study begins with an overview of the nuances of the FMCG industry, the role of the supply chain and the significance of the ERP solutions in these sectors in India. This would give the readers a clear view of the country as a whole. The next bran ch would be a literary analysis of the supply networks in India, especially in the northern parts where Lucknow is situated, the penetration of technology, especially solutions like ERP, and also a brief overview of the supply chains of the companies in Lucknow chosen for this research study. Further a research would be conducted and results drawn would be analyzed to suggest recommendations.1.7 investigate ObjectivesThe objectives of this research study are stated belowTo comprehend the notion of ERP in supply chain management, in the FMCG sector and focus on the significance and relevance.Analyze the importance of ERP by studying the past literatures available, so as to evaluate the theories of other researchers in this regard.To scrutinize the activities in supply chain management and understand the operation functions of major FMCG companies of India, which are also based in Lucknow.To study the activities and functions of ERP in the supply chain of these companies.To analyze t he results of the findings and throw light on the similarities and differences of ERP usages of these companies in their supply chain management.1.8 Problem StatementThe study would investigate the responsibility and the challenges of ERP in supply chain segment of the FMCG sector in Lucknow, India. The issues which the supply chain companies face due incorrect ERP implementation or inadequate training would also be discussed. Further, instances of breakdown of the supply chain services in the FMCG sector due to ERP problems would also be discussed.1.9 Research QuestionQ1 What role does supply chain play in the FMCG sector of Lucknow, India?Q2 What improvements can be seen in supply chain after extensive usage of ERP?Q3 What challenges supply chain departments or companies and the FMCG companies face specially due to ERP?Q4 How the major FMCG companies in Lucknow, India utilize ERP for their supply chain?CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Supply Chain Sector in IndiaThe traditionali sticistic boundaries are the things of past. The new horizons of technology have introduced an array fresh business opportunities and also infused various challenges that needs to be mastered or trapped. In order to maintain a significant position in market nowadays, companies have to concurrently manage the efficiency of the various business activities, such as distribution, manufacturing, and services, effectively. Competitive advantage is governed by innovation, visibility, customerization, velocity, scalability, and cost governance. The future of business depends on serving the customers properly, and maintaining a trustful relationship with the suppliers, and partners. In order to attain all these criteria and objectives, organisations apply the suppositions of supply chain management (SCM) (D. Simchi-Levi, Kaminsky, and E. Simchi-Levi, 2000 Sahay, 2000 Derocher, and Kilpatrick, 2000). The concepts and theories of SCM can be traced subscribe to the ages of Forrester (1958, 19 61), who recognized the dynamics of several response to the changing demand in the various situations that arises in supply chain. Forrester had acknowledged that dynamic complexities create distortion in the patterns of demand by shifting the demand from the end users to the manufacturers, and the raw material suppliers. One of the major implications in SCM is that all the participants are interdependent, which is both the strength and the weakness of this system.The interest in SCM has increased since 1980s after globalisation and free flow of trade and commerce. Organisations started viewing the benefits of collaborative trade relationships. Though management concept has massive scope for growth in India, but the proliferation of the variety of products and the reducing life cycles of the products have forced the Indian companies to think beyond the boundaries of just maintaining quislingism with the supply chain partners (Vrat, 1998, p. 10-24). The dramatically changing enviro nment has made the Indian organisations realise the effect of competing unnecessarily without the assistance of the supply chain associates. The requirements for adaptation of collaborative methods are high because of the recent deregulation in the global saving and also due to globalisation and its effects on the Indian frugality. The traditional defensive attitude industrial, organisational and economic boundaries have now been demolished (Saxena and Sahay, 2000). However, new and emerging markets bring in new opportunities, as well as new rivals too. The rules of trading relationships and economy are now ascertained and re-defined by technology and information networks. This is the reason why it has become mandatory for the Indian organisation for look out for such SCM methodologies and process which can maximise their efficiency not only beyond their operation, but also make them eligible to compete with the top FMCG brands of the world (Sahay, 1999). Many Indian companies hav e not operated in the open economy system. So working with appropriate business partners, developing mutual trust, designing a unflawed SCM system, etc are altogether an alien ball-game for them. It has been studied that the Indian industry spends about 14 percent of the GDP on the logistics, and about $25 billion is accustomed to the inventories or stocks in the supply chain system around the country. Though India is one of the fastest developing countries with more than a billion populations, it should think of in unified highly advanced SCM theories and overturees for sustainable economic growth (Korgaonker, 1999a, 1999b). The significance of supply chain in organisation is being recognised in at the corporate level.The Indian supply chain plays a significant role for the growth and development of the FMCG sector. With the motive of overcoming the challenges that the retailers face and also to develop new systems and solutions for the organisations in India, the Supply Chain Council was formed (Supply Chain Leadership Council, 2012). Supply chain assist in organising the business activities in the FMCG by establishing a shelf-centric partnership between the manufacturers and the retailers. The constitution of the supply chain in India is relatively fragmented because of less availability of fresh produce. This reveals the requirement of more advanced and coordinate supply chain in the country. The supply chain networks play significant role in India because they assist the customers to purchase variety of products at affordable prices. It is because of the supply chain the customers can get various offering that the company has designed for the customers based on the changing taste and preferences of the customers. The Indian Infrastructure in terms of rails, roads, and air transportation are not sufficient. In these cases warehousing play a very important role in the operations of the supply chain system. In order to traverse these issues the retail ers in India are trying their level ruff to decrease their transportation cost and are also outsourcing their supply chain system to the specialized companies for best logistics. Supply chain is required for the development of cost effective collaboration in order to survive in the competitive environment.India has a diverse economy which ranges from village farming, handicrafts, agriculture to technologically advance modern industries, and other diverse services. However the major source of economic growth of India is the Services offered to customers. It has been analysed that approximately 60 percent of labours or work force are into the agriculture (Hirway, 2008, p. 1-14). This compels the government of the country to improve the standard of living of the rural citizens of the country by developing the basic infrastructure for them, making available the resources such as education, medicines, health care facilities, or food, etc for the overall development of the country. The r eduction of control on FDI is an initiative to welcome foreign investors so as to encourage free flow of trade and commerce and improve the economic condition of the country. The Indian logistics and supply chain had played an important role all through these years and still evolving for the better. Constant improvement of the supply chain framework has made India the global hub for railroad car ancillaries, manufacturing of sophisticated products like luxury cars, pharmaceuticals, electronics, textiles, food processing, etc. It also has a significant role to play in the service sector through BPOs, tourism, health services, and education facilities. SCM has occupied a value spot in the corporate level. This is the reason it is studied by young entrepreneurs in business schools to implement an organised supply chain framework in the new emerging India. Companies nowadays directly focus on reducing cost and reaching out to the customers in the shortest possible time. For this reason the objective to design and develop the best supply chain system for increasing the profitability is the best solution.2.2 Role of Supply Chain in the FMCG Sector of IndiaThe FMCG industry follows a simple strategy that is to keep the price margins low, and volume of products high. In order to continue business in this manner FMCG companies in India need to plan the entire operational functions and the different value chain actions to the last details, so as to ensure guaranteed profit. Branding assists in differentiating the products, date supply chain or distribution system would determine the faith of the FMCG companies in the long run. The diversity of the Indian market and the huge opportunities in the vast untapped rural market of India provides opportunities to the FMCG companies to explore these areas and connect them through effective supply chain networks. Though the level of competition, and changing business environment has transform the significant of each elements in the supply chain, but the major elements remains the same. The activities, level of performances, resources utilised and the approaches of utilising the resources have changed with requirements and time.There are five specific factors on the basis of which the supply chain of the FMCG sector in India functions. They are stated belowCombined scheduling, forecasting, offering customer services, and building relationships The supply chain system has the duty to reduce the lead-time and deliver the goods per performance on time to the customers for building a strong relationship with them. It must possess a strong demand and supply forecasting structure for correct supply chain arrangement and movements. Responsiveness of the supply chain is also necessary towards the customers and is regarded as the most vituperative factor for success. The forecast for collaboration with the customers is prepared by taking into account the sales figures of the past and a project figure for the futur e. An effective mechanism for customer care and services is prepared so as to offer customized services to them and provide value based services. Point of sales, inventory and real time demand like concepts are given importance and data related to such approaches are collected from retailers for survey or research in order to improvize the supply chain system (Gentry and Vellenga, 1996, p. 37-44).Establishment of operational system with the suppliers and formulating provisions for logistics services The agreements at service level with the transporters assist in providing the reliability and the force to the logistics framework. The requirements of the customers are analysed and accordingly designs are developed. The feasibility of producing those designs are also checked steps involved in developing a new product is followed to develop the idea into a product and float it in the market. Networking and clustering with the intermediaries and the suppliers for deciding the location of the firm is important, so that the location may act as an advantage for the company. Nowadays outsourcing partial activities of the company proves to a cost and time saving step. After this the selection of a dynamic route for the distribution of the product is selected. The suppliers are selected keeping in mind that the product reaches the customers on time and also large accumulation of stock in the shop is not there. So the approach of Just-in time is preferable in such cases (Mathur, 2010, p. 391-395). Lean approach for operational improvements in the supply chain is also an intelligent initiative. Companies also develop transport rating systems for tracking and enhancing the performance of the distribution system and logistics, charm the suppliers evaluate the cost, but not the unit prices of the products or the services.Cross Functionality through establishing collaborative activities with the dealers and suppliers The quick demand is shared and information assists the s upply chain to smoothen the flow. Though previously the suppliers were reluctant to use technology or IT services, but now IT is welcomed and deep integrated in the supply chain system of India. The activities in which the company does not have much experience or competency, is usually outsourced now to alleviate cost and time. Organisation, especially FMCG companies in India have now realized that working in close relationship with the suppliers, intermediaries and the supply chain is critical for the success of the company (Lambert, Stock, and Ellram 1998, p. 3-28).Strategic Partnership and the practice of outsourcing to survive in the competitive environment The organisations in FMCG sectors prefer to have strategic partnerships with selected well established suppliers. This is the reason why the competition among the suppliers is also increasing. The suppliers are encouraged by the organisations to offer cost effective and quality services. The modularity of the supply chain s ystem is also beneficial for the booming establishment of SCM. The organisations share the rewards and risks associated with the suppliers and the supply chain as the market is volatile and changes in the market negatively affects the suppliers.The selection of suppliers strategically, evaluation and development The preference for selecting the suppliers depends on the flexibility and customization of the volume of goods. It is the suppliers who should involve in the development of new product so as to deliver the new products to the customers in no time. The suppliers balanced bill of fare should be made so that the performances of the supply chain can be assessed (Lambert, Stock, and Ellram 1998, p. 3-28).2.3 Usage of Technology in the Supply Chain SegmentSupply chain management (SCM) plays an important role in companies for the creation and maintenance of sustainable relation with the customers and the suppliers. According to the Global Supply Chain Forum (GSCF), SCM is the inc orporation of the major business practices to the customers with the help of the suppliers that assist in transfer of goods, services and relevant information and add value to the offerings offered to the customers and other stakeholders. The process of supply chain management involves all the activities from transporting raw materials to manufacturers to supplying finished products to point of purchase and also to the point of storage (Hanfield, and Nichols, 1999, p. 143-156). SCM includes all activities that are associated with the achievement of competitive advantage and sustainability of the business. In this sphere internet is affecting the process in which nowadays goods are distributed and bought. The advent of Internet has changed the ways of conducting business. Companies are injecting technology in various departments of the giving medication to discover new ways of earning revenue, finding new customers, and managing the supply chain of the company. E-commerce is one of the parts in the technological environment (Bushry, 2005, p.87-88). It enables the marketer to sell the products and services through a virtual marketplace and the payment for the product is also done online through the use of internet services. In large manufacturing companies, the supply chain segment has to manage multiple suppliers and vendors at the same time and also regulate the flow of goods to the different target markets. Technology is now treated as agents who help in solving the major problems of management or information overload. The collaborative information agents play very significant roles in SCM.The pressure of global competition is increasing day by day, so the requirement for streamlining the supply chain in order to make it responsive and flexible is also increasing. The traditional ways of distributing the product led to the inaccurate assumption of demand and exact supply figures. The suppliers and the marketer also faced problems in the maintenance of record s in the warehouses and while production. Due to these issues, the whole supply chain infrastructure started evolving and moving towards the electronic transfer of data, and electronic supply chain systems. There are few characteristics which can be seen in the present day supply chain and its philosophy, such as sharing of information, management of inventory, adopting flexibility readily, cost minimising strategies, coordination of all the intermediaries in the pipeline. The business environment of all the industries is becoming more dynamic, so the product life cycles are becoming shorter, and the demand of products and services are uncertain (Sheth, and Sharma, 2000, p. 55-60). The supply chain environment has changed in the recent times as the warehouses have reduced in number, competition level has increased, third-party services have increased, channel integration, etc. The traditional supply chains are reactive rather than being proactive, uncertain, extensive lead times, de ficiency of flexibility in operation, etc. The next generation of supply chain system should be customer centric, have scalability, flexible, open, integrated, capable of functioning autonomously, optimization and negotiation capability, etc. It must have the capability to forecast accurately, and it should be compatible with the manufacturing process (Anderson, and Lee, 199