Impact Of Floods In Low Lying Areas Environmental Sciences Essay

Impact Of springs In Low Lying Areas Environmental Sciences EssayVijayawada metropolis is situated on the bevels of river Krishna. gormandizes rival the city many times, which creates damage to the plenty and properties. The city has faced many gormandises since long back. The aim of the study is to find out the factors which ar responsible for the overindulges in the city and the impact of the floods in the low lying argonas (which be mostly affected) of Vijayawada. This study will be useful to work out the measures to handle the floods in the city. A few suggestions have been given to tackle the damaging phenomenon of the floods.Keywords Vijayawada, Krishna River, Budameru epithelial duct, Floods,INTRODUCTIONVijayawada is the third largest city in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Over the years, Vijayawada has been experiencing extensive development mate with high urban step-up. It is an important commercial and transport centre of the State. Being a big city people from a ll over the country be migrating to Vijayawada for their livelihood irrespective of their caste and creed. The rapid urbanization in the city has led to increase the business of settlements with the unsafe attitudes which ultimately causes natural disaster. In adjunct to this, heavy rains in this area have been causing frequent floods with roads in many places submerged for several hours and the road traffic coming to a halt, bringing in considerable damage to public and private properties. Floods are the most damaging phenomena that effect to the social and economic of the population. It is one of the major disasters bear upon the population especially those living in high risk areas, in the flood plains and the low lying areas causing extensive damage to properties and even firing of lives.But before studying the impact of the floods in the low lying areas of Vijayawada, let us first understand the meaning of Floods.AFloodis an outflow of water that submerges land.TheEuropea n Union(EU)Floods Directivedefines a flood as a covering by water of land not normally cover by water. Flooding may turn up from the volume of water deep down a body of water, such as ariverorlake, which overflows or breaks levees, with the result that some of the water escapes its usual boundaries,or may be due to accumulation of rainwater on saturated ground in an aerial floodFloods are caused by many factors heavy pelting, highly acceleratedsnowmelt, severe winds over water, unusual high tides,tsunamis, or failure of dams,levees,retention ponds, or some other structures that retained the water. Flooding can be exacerbated by increased amounts of impervious surface or by other natural hazards such as wildfires, which get over the supply of vegetation that can absorb rainfall. The factors which are responsible for the flooding of Vijayawada city will be studied in a detailed appearance in the following study.TOPOGRAPHY OF THE CITYThe city is sited at the foot of a low range hi lls on the northern bank of the river Krishna with its cardinal points as 16 31 North latitude and 80 37 East longitude, around 70 km away from the coast.The land lay of Vijayawada is characterized by iv canals, four hills and the river Krishna. Vijayawada when forward motioned from Guntur is welcomed by the historic gates across the holy river Krishna. The way to Machilipatnam runs parallel to Budameru canal and crosses two other canals.There are four major hillsa) Indrakiladri pitcherb) Machavaram Hillc) Gunadala Hilld) Moghalrajapuram HillThe natural slope of the centenarian town is falling from north to south whereas the new town slopes down from west to east. When compared to the old town, the new town is flat and hence makes drainage less effective. Though the city is protected from high flood banks in the southern side, the low-lying lands are not immune to floods.Indrakiladri hill (One town Vidyadharapuram)-The areas covered by Indrakiladri hill are popularly known as I Town and Vidyadharapuram. It is located on the West Side and Northern Side of Vijayawada City. The height of the hills is close 240 Meters. The perimeter of the hills is nigh 10 km. The areas such as Ramarajaya Nagar, Kummaraalem, 4-Pillar center, Ali Nagar, Kabela Road are falling with in this hill area.Mogalrajapuram hillMogalarajpuram Hills of Vijayawada is a major hill range located on the Eastern side of Vijayawada city. The maximum height of the hills is virtually 250 Meters. The perimeter of the hills is about 6 kms. The areas such as Dasari Ramana Nagar, Ravi Chettu Center, Sunnapubattila Center are falling within these hill areas.Machavaram hillMachavaram Hills of Vijayawada is a major hill range located on the East Side of Vijayawada City. The maximum height of the hills is about 240 Mts. The perimeter of the the hill area is about 4 km. The areas such as Karimkanagar, Gulammohiddin Nagar, Maruthinagar are falling within these hill areas.Gundala hillGunadala Hills of V ijayawada is a major hill range located on the Eastern Side of Vijayawada city. The maximum height of the hills is about 242 Meters. The perimeter of the hills is about 10 km. The areas such as Ayyapanagar, Kristurajapuram, Vijayanagar Colony, Arunlagar, Lurthnagar, Betlahem Nagar etc. are falling within these hill areas. semen of the Information MRO (Urban), Revenue Dept, Vijayawada.Canals-The Krishna Eastern Main Canal on the left bank of Krishna River, after traversing for one km gets divided into three canals Eluru canal, Bandar canal and Ryves canal traversing the inner city. A come apart from these, Budameru stream skirts the city limits to pass through and through the rural part of the VMC.Bandar CanalThe canal traverses for a distance of 7.5 km on the southern side of the city. For free movement of traffic, the canal has 10 bridge over built across it.Ryves CanalThe canal flows for a distance of around 7.6 km on the north-eastern side of the city. There are about 8 bridge over across it.Eluru CanalThe canal runs for a tally distance of around 65 km in Krishna and West Godavari districts. There are about sextuplet road bridges, two railway bridges and two foot-over bridges across the canal.Land Use ProfileThe city area can be in general divided into two categories one Developed area and the second Undeveloped area. Of the Vijayawada corporation area of 6188 ha, the developed land part of the city covers 3753 ha history for around 61% of the city area, leaving 2435 ha undeveloped.Land Use Composition Vijayawada, 2004S.NoLand UseArea in Ha.% to developedarea% to hail areaDeveloped component1.Residential ( Built -up )1348.2535.9221.792.Mixed-Residential ( Built -up )141.363.772.283.Residential vacant plots229.026.104.114.Commercial247.916.64.015.Industrial72.381.931.176.Public Semi- public270.167.24.377.Institutional178.314.752.888.Parks dictation grounds60.341.600.569.Recreational / Others3.10.080.0510.Roads800.8121.3412.9411.Railway190.495.083 .0812. water Bodies ( Canals Others)211.265.633.41Sub integrality3753.3910060.65Un-Developed component13.Agricultural Area885.9736.4014.3214.Vacant Lands618.2725.399.9915.Water Bodies ( River)668.4227.4510.8016.Hills262.0610.764.23Sub Total2434.72100.0039.35Grand Total6188.11100.00100.00Source VGTMUDARivers and DamsThere are two rivers flowing from VijayawadaKrishna RiverBudameru river/Drain which creates havoc during rainy season.Krishna RiverThe River Krishna takes of its origin in the Western Ghats at an circus tent of (+) 1336 Mts and runs for a length of about 1400 km and runs through Vijayawada city and joins at Bay of Bengal. The length of Krishna River up to Prakasam Barrage is about 1310 km. The flow of the river is managed partially by the Nagarjuna Sagar dam which is located to the west of Krishna District and Prakasam Barrage which is located at the beginning of the city.The Krishna Flood bank Above Prakasam Barrage is about 13km and under flood bank is 6.40 km whic h creates havoc in flood season which starts from June to December. Water release from barrage with 4, 12,734 to 10, 94,422 Cusecs is been observed over the years.Dam managementSince the main figure of the dam is to provide irrigation, the dam authorities try to fill the references during the monsoon to ensure water availability for the farmers in the surrounding districts during summers. Therefore occurrence of severe rainfall (1 day or 2 day extreme precipitation) due to cyclone or depression during the latter half of the monsoon season in the lower and middle Krishna flush toilet leads sudden increase in the reservoir level forcing the dam authorities to release water which sometime exceeds the carrying capacity of the river. This leads to flooding along the downstream.Flood chamfersThe total length of flood bank in Krishna District (within which the Vijayawada city is located) is 226.98 km. The flood banks of the River Krishna were originally formed in 1892. The flood banks were provided on two sides of the River up to sea as detailed below to contain the flood water with in the flood banks and there by protect the properties and human lives etc in Krishna District.Details of Flood Banks in Krishna DistrictS.No.Details Of The Flood Banks distance In km1.Krishna Left flood bank(above Prakasam Barrage)13.002.Krishnalanka Flood bank(below Prakasam Barrage)6.403.Krishna Left flood Bank (below PrakasamBarrage)89.604.Divi Left flood bank36.005.Divi Right Flood Bank32.006.K.E. Tidal Bank Divi Island22.007.Kona Tidal Bank (Machilipatnam Side)18.508.Seadyke Flood Bank (Machilipatnam Side)2.509.West Side Flood Bank (MachilipatnamSide)6.0010.Rudravaram Flood Bank (MachilipatnamSide)4.00Total230.00Source Irrigation DeptKrishna Lanka Flood Bank (3.38 km) This flood bank was formed during 1967 to protect the residents of Krishnalanka of Vijayawada city.Embankments /Flood Bank locationsS.NoName of theEmbankmentLength of theEmbankment in kmArea coveredLength of theEm bakment within the ward1Krishna Left Flood Bank(Above Barrage) From ( Ibrhimpatnamto Prakasham Barage)13kmIbrahimPatnam toBhavaniPuram6km2Bhavani puram ToKarakatta South5km3Krakatta South toLanchirevu/PunnamiHotel2km1Krishna Left Flood bank(Bellow PrakashamBarrage) From Brrage to RamalaingeswaraNagar (Krishna Lanka)6.40kmRanadheevi nagar22Taraka Ramanagar1.403Bhupesh Gupta Nagar14RamalingeswarNagar2Budameru River/DrainInformation given in the following pages.FloodsFloods are caused by two rivers in the Vijayawada. One is Krishna River which is on the southern part of the city and the other is Budameru River which is on the North- Western part of the city. Both these rivers contribute to the canal network. Bandar canal and Ryves canal are fed by Krishna River while Eluru canal is fed by Krishna River and partially by Budameru River. The contribution of water from Budameru is mostly seasonal and the canal networks are used to unloose excess/flood waters.The topography of the city is complex. The central part of the city is above flood plain with hills while gray and Northern parts of the city are on flood plain. This problem was realized by the irrigation department in later half of twentieth deoxycytidine monophosphate and bunds were constructed along canals to prevent flood waters from entering the city.The floods in Vijayawada city due to Krishna River, is a regular phenomenon. Almost every monsoon people living in the flood plains of Krishna River are affected.Krishna FloodsThe essential reason for the flooding is the unauthorized settlements along the river which had taken place due to lack of planning and enforcement.Flood in the River Krishna are both due to South West Monsoon in the middle of June and continues up to end of September and North East Monsoon begins in October and continues till end of November. gritty floods ordinarily occur during October.History of HazardIn general, flooding by the Krishna River is a regular phenomenon. The floo d history of Krishna River indicates that its flow is uncertain. With the embankments in place the river flows bank to bank almost once in every five years or twice every decade. This time span of five years unremarkably encourages low economic class people to settle on the flood bank. Further the presence of embankments provide a stupid sense of security to the people and also encourages people who are on the river bed that soon the government is going to construct a embankment that will protect their house. With the rapid increase in population, large numbers of people end up occupying the area between the flood bank along the Bandar canal and the Krishna River. These areas are subjected to regular flooding during monsoons. In order to safe guard the people and the livelihood the Irrigation department constructed a flood bank parallel to the old bund including the unauthorized settlements which had come up. This structure was intentional to prevent the settlements from flooding . The old flood bank was then converted to serve the purpose of transportation (currently NH5). The people who were earlier residing in flood plain were provided with sound ownership and the area was included within the city town planning scheme. year Wise observed Maximum Floods in Krishna RiverSl.No.DateMonthYearCusecsU/S SideD/S SideBarrage1.7thOct190310,60,830(+)70.55(+)69.5523.502.11thAug19149,48,632(+)68.20(+)67.9521.153.2ndNov19179,55,460(+)68.10(+)67.2521.054.24thSep19499,24,736(+)68.15(+)66.0021.105.2ndOct19649,87,852(+)68.25(+)65.3023.206.6thAug19664,12,734(+)57.95(+)55.9012.907.thirtiethSept19745.97.800(+)60.65(+)58.4015.608.10thJuly19838,27,310(+)64.05(+)62.3519.009.24thJuly19896,86,910(+)61.95(+)55.016.9010.17thOct19989,32,000(+)65.45(+)63.3020.0411.21stSept20057,40,232(+)62.65(+)60.0017.6012.17thAug20065,56,618(+)59.85(+)57.6014.8013.21stSept20075,56,618(+)59.85(+)57.6014.8014.11thAug20084,22,660(+)57.55(+)55.2012.5015.5thOct200910,94,422(+)68.78(+)67.5023.47Source Irr igation DeptThe maximum flood discharge observed during the year 1903 is 10.60 hundred thousand cusecs. After the construction of the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam in the upstream of the river, during the year 1998 Krishna River received a maximum flood discharge of 9.32 lakh cusec and caused alarming situation throughout the flood banks below the Prakasam Barrage. Subsequently the flood banks of Krishna River were restored to original standards during the year 1999 to 2000.These restorations did not include flood banks which are within and nearby Vijayawada city namely Krishna Left Flood Bank (upstream of Prakasam Barrage) and Krishnalanka Flood Bank (downstream of Prakasam Barrage).Reasons for Krishna FloodThis region receives maximum rainfall both by southwest and retreating monsoons.The primary reason for the flooding is the unauthorized settlements along the river which had taken place due to lack of planning and enforcement.Vijayawada is located on the line which separates the delta-irr igated lands.Flood bank below barrage is about 6.40 km which creates havoc in flood season from June to December.High Water release at time from barrage with 4, 12,734 to 10, and 94,422 Cusecs of water released in various years.Developmental activities like sluice connectivity to into the river is causing back water (3 sluices connected into river).Bund cutting for public private developmental activities (ex sluice, storm water drains) approach roads for bigger vehicles.Allotting the residential areas officially in flood zone. Ex Police colony.Breach occurrence and damages occurred to the flood bank with slips and erosion.With little definitive power over the settlements along the flood banks, the irrigation department is unable to attend swiftly in vulnerable areas.This situation is further complicated by the false hope provided by the politicians in their campaigns during elections that they would support these illegal settlements. In order to gain vote, some of them even promise to protect these people by ensure that once they are elected they would legalize their settlements and will also revisiting the existing embankments. This measure was taken in 1970s when the location of embankments were changed to include people who are in the flood plains. bloom and location details of Flood affected areasElevation and location details of Flood affected areasAreaElevationLongitude analogueKrishna River37 Ft.Krishna Lanka86 Ft.1603017.70 N8003622.61 EKrishna Lanka72-83 Ft.1603012.64 N8003719.48 EP.N.Bus stand85 Ft.1603030.54 N8003659.67 EVMC97 Ft.1603038.41 N8003642.15 EKrishna Lanka Tardwra62-73-74Ft.1603727. 80N8003011.79 ERanadhive Nagar74-79 Ft.1603020.69 N8003712.75 EBus Stand back69 Ft.1603022.00 N8003700.54 EBhupesh GuptaNagar55-64 Ft.1602946.92 N8003807.91 ERamalingeswaraNagar UGD53 Ft.1602907.94 N8003921.17 EPolice Colony59 Ft.1602908.01 N8003924.18 EK.R.Market81 Ft.1603048.62 N8003649.36 EIndira GandhiStadium70 Ft.1603017.72 N8003817.23 ERTC Colony85 Ft. 1603151.24 N8003615.21 EGannavaram80 Ft.1603150.99 N8004745.57 EPatamata girls HighSchool69 Ft.1602943.39 N8004005.38 EKrishna River atPunnami52 Ft.1603128.76 N8003508.48 EPunnami Ghat82 Ft.1603134.71 N8003516.88 ESource Irrigation Dept listen of vulnerable areas to the Krishna floodVulnerabilitypopulationareaAreaKrishna Flood155571.15Lanchi Revu157221.88karakattaKrishna Flood158142.81Police colony147980.65Bhupesh Gupta nagar146080.5Tarakaramanagar147251.46Randheer Nagar154180.72153201.92Busstand(back)Saibabatemple12196211.09Source irrigation DeptBudameru FloodsThe Budameru River flows from the North Western part of the Krishna District. The river originates in the hills surrounding Mylavaram and flows into Kolleru Lake. In order to control the floods the river is dammed at Velagaleru village, Budameru diversion enthrall (BDC) is constructed from Velagaleru to join Krishna River upstream of Prakasam barrage.Budameru River is mainly controlled at two areas before stint Vijayawada c ity. The first is the regulator across the Budameru drain at Velagaleru village and at Vijayawada Thermal Power Station (VTPS) which is located on the western part of the city on the upstream of Prakasam barrage. The Budameru River apart from flowing along the western part of the city towards the VTPS also enters the city from the north leading into the Budameru canal which runs parallel to Eluru Canal.The problem starts at the tail end of the monsoon, with the reservoir being almost full (but not to its full capacity) and the occurrence of severe rainfall. Since the mandate of the regulator management at Budameru is to fill the reservoir to its capacity and the uncertainty within the rainfall information the release from the regulator drain block, water flow from local catchment causes flooding usually in the northern part of the cityThe uncertainty in the rainfall is a common phenomenon within the Krishna Basin. This is especially due to the depressions and cyclones which form in both the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. This uncertainty combined with the limited carrying capacity of the river and the proximity of the Velagaleru Village regulator provides low respite time for both the administrative personnel to prevent the floods and people to prevent their losses. The design and establishment of the EWS should take into account of this important aspect.The Budameru flood assessment is based on the study of topography and location information collected from secondary sources. There was not much information made available with respect to the regulator release at the Velagaleru Village.Budameru canal has already been indiscriminately blocked by developments and encroachments resulting in thousands of people abandoning their shelters to safe places, loss of property, leaving unhygienic environment for weeks.Settlement along the river course, the vast land pockets on both the sides of the rivulet in New Rajarajeswari Peta, and the Rajeev Nagar area are the promin ent low lying areas prove to flood disaster.HistoryBudameru Water discharge during floodsQuantified Budameru Water discharge during floodsSl.No.Date YearDischarge ThroughTotalDischargein cusecsBudameru in cusecsDiversionChannel inCusecsBudameruCourseCusecs(belowreguletor)19.9.62590029238823222.8.636150616812318322.9.64111252847039595419.5.6975001858026080521.8.7152631963722610.8.7622251478417009731.7.786150163022245286.10.834250960013850913.8.86680013200200001023.7.891062524371349961111.5.90780024473322731223.9.91750018572260721324.8.200078503699115491420.9.20051094514000249451520.9.20059900710017000Source Irrigation DeptRainfall and Flood particularsRainfall and Flood particularsFlood flow (Cusecs)YearRainfall (MM)Flood flow (Cusecs)ActualNormal1988-8912641029243711989-9015801029244731990-919211029185722005-0612391034140002008-09118810347100Reasons for Budameru FloodsFlood plain tour Krishna River flooding affects to the flood plains on the outside of the embankments, but the Buda meru River affects the entire North and North western part of the city. This is mainly due to the limited carrying capacity of the Budameru river channel and lack of sufficient mechanisms to drain the excess water during severe rain into the Krishna River.The problem arises when Budameru catchment gets more than average rainfall within 24 48 hours. This leads to the reservoir in the Velagaleru village reach critical level forcing the irrigation department to release water causing floods in Vijayawada.Adding rain water from local catchment and Hills.2. The settlementsThe population growth of the city has led to the slow movement of people towards the foot of the hills, which later led to expansion in to the flood zones. Even though much of these settlements are unauthorized the municipality attempts to cater to the basic needs of these illegal settlements by providing services such as roads, water supply and sanitation. These privileges have further encouraged the settlements in exp anding in the high slope / risk prone areas.Other reasonsNon feasible house constructionsSilting of drainsBack water due to conjution in storm water (HB colony, Bhavnipuram) nip and tuck the road levels in flood pathOccupying the flood bundsCutting the bund for development activities like bus shelters, beautification etc (Singh Nagar)Less awareness about the situation and negligence about the problem among people.Besides this chocking storm rain water canals, sluice and back water also cause the Budameru flood severely and damage the lives and propertyElevation details of probable Flood affected areas with BudameruAreaElevationLongitudeLatitudeAjit Singh Nagar75 Ft.1603221.66 N8003828.52EVambay Colony68 Ft.1603214.17 N8003917.80ER.R.Pet72 Ft.1603159.80 N8003747.60EBudameru at NewR.R.Pet67 Ft.1603207.69 N8003753.65ERajeev Nagar67 Ft.1603215.18 N8003912.40ER.R.Peta field67 Ft.1603243.98 N8003725.68EJakkampudi91 Ft.1603501.71 N8003655.58ELBS Nagar68 Ft.1603259.87 N8003655.58EAndhra Pat rikaColony1603300.92 N8003841.56ERajeev Nagar64 Ft.1603322.73 N8003845.93ELBS Nagar68 Ft.1603257.55 N8003858.98E inclination of an orbit of Budameru flood effected areasBudameru effecting AreasS. No.populationArea(Sqkm)CircleDivisionAreas17744.50.64I29Rotary nagar, Ekalayvya nagar,Urmila subbarao nagar,ambedkar road,Kabela27396.50.4930KLRao Nagar7814.50.2131DeenadayalNagar,Ambedkar nagar478610.9427Ambedkar Road5152011.2528Housingboard colony, Labor colonySubtotal46017.53.5361015153550.33236DeenadayalNagar,Ambedkar nagar16130230.5649Old RR Peta17140924.2152

Benefits Of Technology In Business

Benefits Of engineering In BusinessThe term Technology is derived from the Greek word Technologia techne means craft and logia means the study of something. Technology is a truly broad concept and is used to refer to several braches of science and study. Some examples ar information applied science, medical technology, biotechnology, etc. As the term technology branches into miscellaneous fields of science and study, so do its benefits. Let us look at the benefits of technology in some major areas of day-to-day lifeBenefits of Technology in BusinessThe days when the Chief Information Officer (CIO) took implementation decisions and passed the responsibility down the line are pass. Today, the CIO is an individual who possesses ancestry as well as technical skills, understands the new IT issues facing a business, and drives the IT changes from the top down. This is a clear indicator of the benefits businesses are enjoying through the implementation of technology. Today technolog y is an integral part of any business right from the purchase of computers and software to the implementation of network and security tools. This helps businesses toRemain up-to-dateDrive business forward-movingSustain and survive competitionIn short, technology has become one of the signifi trickt factors that maximize an organizations ROI.Benefits of Technology in CommunicationFrom hand-held computers to touch phones, technological advancements in the field of communication are endless. The means and the modes of communication are unlimited. Some of the benefits of technological advancements in the field of communication areSpeed quantify is no longer a constraint in communicationClarity With megapixel images and video, and high fidelity audio systems clarity in communication has become a never-before experienceProximity technological advancements redeem made the world a smaller place to live inDissemination whether spreading information, broadcasting news, or sharing knowl edge, technology has made it faster, easier, and smarterBenefits of Technology in EducationTechnological advancements in the field of education are fast evolving. Today, e-learning is a familiar and democratic term. Some of the benefits of technology in this field arePersonalized learning experience Learners are able to take control and manage their own learning. They line up their own goals, manage the process and content of learning, and communicate with peers.Immediate response Most e-learning programs provide immediate feedbacks on learner assessments. Similarly there are features such as chat, discussion boards, e-libraries, etc that allow clarifications at a faster pace than in traditional classrooms.Self-paced Learners can chart courses at their own pace. This en trues high levels of motivation both in terms of completing the course as well as in performance.Greater entre Technological advancements accept unresolved education to learners with learning disabilities and in remote locations.Benefits of Technology in HealthcareThe marriage between medicine and technology has reshaped healthcare and revolutionized the medical profession. Some of the major benefits areSecure environment Technology allows physicians and patients to interact in a secure and comfortable environment to discuss sensitive issues.Flexibility Physicians can manage routine and less critical queries at a convenient time.Cost- and time-saving Physicians can follow-up, provide advice, and re-direct patients to resources on the Internet. This saves cost and time by reducing office visits. medical examination devices Medical aids allow patients to continue recovery at syndicate reducing their hospital stay.Vulnerable population Technology aids the very young, elderly, and patients with Byzantine birth defects, chronic illnesses, and disabled children by alleviating their problems so that they can continue living in their homes.Benefits of Technology in SocietyToday technology perva des closely all aspects of our daily life from shopping, banking, making travel arrangements to university admissions. Some of the benefits areConvenience Provides a great deal of convenience in expediting personal and business transactions be it shopping, banking, or simply reaching bills.Speed From sending gifts to making payments everything gets a done with a few chatters.Communication The world is a smaller place and technology allows everyone to keep in touch with their families and friends at a more than affordable cost.Accuracy Technology has reduced errors in tellurian and monotonous chores, saving time and cost.Development Technology has brought about development in many fields such as medicine, government, business, education, etc.Technology has evolved and modify our lives and society. Overall, it has brought about tremendous growth and benefit to mankind.What Are the Benefits of Technology in Business?Whats This?Technological advances in the past few decades have g reatly increase the competitive nature of the economic business world. Companies have used software, computers and the Internet to transform their businesses from local places of business to national and global market competitors. Many companies have responded to these changes by automating their business processes and capturing industry-related information and using it to their advantage. Technology has also forced businesses to remain flexible, obligeing their operations to newer and better technological advances.Better Reporting FunctionsCompanies that have triune locations, whether nationally or globally, have used technology to implement better communication services and software modules that communicate to a home base via the Internet. This allows companies to screen new economic markets without sacrificing the needs of communication or financial and operational reporting. Additionally, companies can improve their management information system (MIS) to capture information fo r detail locations when making business decisions.Financial reporting has also benefited greatly from technology rather than sending external auditors to multiple locations, it is possible to create a centralised accounting office to record and report financial transactions. This improves financial reporting and lessens the expense related to external audits.Increased Employee ProductivityComputers and business software packages have exponentially increased employees productivity by allowing them to provide data entry functions or review automated reports. Companies have automated several traditional manufacturing processes sort of of using manpower to manually create and assemble goods, machines and/or robots now complete these functions. While these improvements may increase capital expenditures, they lessen the impact of lucid labor expenses related to productions. Fewer employees are needed to monitor the machines and ensure they are working properly.Other areas, such as cust omer service, accounting and administrative support, have also seen an increase in employee productivity. Employees now review and report electronically collected data to ensure they are accurate and timely, rather than manually gathering information.Improved Business MobilityTechnology has also improved companies sales and service departments by allowing employees to use personal electronic devices to create sales displays and bare orders and customer information to the home office. These electronic devices shorten the lead time companies spend on receiving and delivering goods or services, creating an instant competitive advantage in the industry. Companies can also send sales representatives to multiple markets at the same time, allowing them to penetrate multiple markets with few overhead costs. Companies may allow their internal employees to work from home using a company Internet connection, reducing the fixed overhead expenses from a large corporate office.Read more What Are the Benefits of Technology in Business? eHow.com http//www.ehow.com/list_5990693_benefits-technology-business_.htmlixzz0rNlSC9sCEffects of Technology on BusinessBusinesses have been at the forefront of technology for ages. Whatever can speed production will unpack in more business. As computers emerged in the 20th century, they promised a new age of information technology. But in order to reap the benefits, businesses needed to adapt and change their infrastructure. For example, American Airlines started using a computerized flight booking system, and Bank of America took on an automated check-processing system.Obviously, now, most business is conducted over personal computers or communication devices. Computers offer companies a way to organize dense databases, personal schedules and various other forms of essential information.As information travels faster and faster and more reliably, barriers of distance disappear, and businesses are realizing how easy it is to source jobs o verseas. Outsourcing refers to the practice of hiring employees who work outside the company or remotely and even halfway across the world. Companies can outsource duties such as computer programming and telephone customer service. They can even outsource fast-food restuarant service dont be surprised if youre putting in your burger order with a fast-food employee working in a different country entirely. Outsourcing is a controversial practice, and many believe that U.S. companies who take part are ache the job market in their own country. Nonetheless, from a business perspective, it seems like the wisest route, saving companies between 30 and 70 percent source Otterman.Another technology thats showtime to revolutionize business is actually not very new its just cheaper these days. Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is infiltrating and changing business significantly in a few ways. Microchips that store information (such as a number equivalent of a barcode and ev en an up-to-date history of the chips travels) can be addicted to product, and this helps companies keep track of their inventory.Some businesses have even begun to use RFID chip implants in humans to tighten security. An access control reader detects the chips signal and permits the employee access to the door. But many people are concerned about privacy issues if this were to become widespread practice.Handheld devices like BlackBerries have become wildly prevalent for businesses because they let users check and send email from anywhere, and browse the Internet.Internet BusinessThe Internet enables airlines to provide online flight booking, banks to offer online account management and bill pay and allows any company to sell any product online. In general, the Internet has proven to be an inexpensive way to reach more customers. Nowadays, if you cant honour a business online, or if it has an outdated, ugly Web site, it looks downright unprofessional.Many businesses have succeede d in using the Internet as their primary, or sometimes only, medium. (Youre, of course, cognisant of this, given that youre reading a HowStuffWorks article. HowStuffWorks started as a hobby for college professor Marshall Brain, and it eventually grew into successful company.)Small businesses, too, have become easier to start up using the Internet. If youre a stay-at-home mom who makes a killer batch of cookies, you can easily sell them over the Internet and ship them to your customers.But, its not eternally as simple as it sounds. Any business conducted online must consider security, privacy or even copyright issues. Copyright issues would include making sure your business doesnt use someone elses original work (such as a logo, for instance) or even making sure no one else is profiting from your businesss creative work. whiz of the biggest ways the Internet has changed business is through targeted advertising. Using Google, companies can specify the keywords that will drive certai n customers to their ad. For instance, if you were to plug the word baking into Google, you might click on a page from epicurious.com. That epicurious page will have Google ads from sponsors who sell baking-related products. A company that sells rolling pins can pay to have its ads show up for people who search for specific words, like baking, pies or dough. It makes good business sense people who search for baking on Google will be more than more likely to click on a rolling pin ad than the average person.Despite what weve discussed in this article, we havent even scratched the surface of what new technology can do for business communications. The next page provides links to even more articles on information technology and products that have business implications.

Analysis Of Primary Colors Essay -- essays research papers

Politics is a bloodsport, one big patch of corruption, muckraking, prostitution, and defilement, which is played by the politicians, the media, and the seemingly innocent public that tends to lug that politicians ar humans also, no better than the masses except for one thing, the ability to play the game. Primary Colors by Anonymous portrays this fraudulent game perfectly, exhibiting completely of the dark aspects of a political campaign from the vicious media in their pursuit of scandals, to the traitorousness of opposing candidates to destroy each different, all the way to the closelipped sexual interactions taking place during the campaigning process. Yet in this vice-corrupted novel, Anonymous also manages to let the human side of the tainted politicians shine through, showing that they be imperfect, that they have flaws and weaknesses, and that they make mistakes in exactly the same fashion as all other human beings do. It is with these decadent political figures, damn Stanton and Freddy Picker, that Anonymous in Primary Colors shows that there is still a nobleness to politics, a dedication to the voters, a love of the political game, and a human compassion in all of it. It is important to mention the definition of noble in order to avoid misunderstanding the word, for according to the Microsoft Encarta 97 Encyclopedia, the definition of noble is stately and imposing of disinterested nature, and referring to The Merriam-Webster Dictionary, noble means characterized by or indicative of virtue or magnanimity high minded imposing of appearance grand impressive (475). twain definitions of the word noble imply that a person can have a noble appearance and that a persons main objectives and actions are noble, but one should keep in mind that even noble people are not perfect people. This is especially true with the characters of son of a bitch Stanton and Freddy Picker. Jack Stantons appearance, especially when he is presenting himself to the public, doing what he loves bestmingling with the folks, is noble. The public looks up to him, he was a big fellow (Anon., 1) and the manner in which he interacts with the people, his meaningful handshakes and physical contact to them, truly listening to them, always remembering their names, and considering them friends is exemplary of nobleness. On the other hand, Freddy Pickers appearance is completely different, a trim... ...le confessing to Stanton that he is afraid of the medias power to destroy his life, and Stanton immediately rushes to hug him, rocks him gently, and kisses him on the top of his head while Picker cries on Stantons thorax (495). The action speaks for itself two grown men, tough political figures, becoming as loving and caring as a mother with her child--true human compassion.Even in the fierce and heartless business of politics, certain noble human attributes such as a dedication to the public, a love of the game of politics, and the compassion share in this sport are necessary for politicians, such as Jack Stanton and Freddy Picker, to succeed. Through Primary Colors, Anonymous truly depicts their imperfections, defects, and addictions in such manner that the endorser realizes that these characters can not be perfect just because they are politicians. Although political figures are in the public eye, they are human like every other person and the pressure and demand to be faultless by the public is unreasonable and superlative. Politicians imperfection is best summarized by Anonymous character, Jack Stanton This is about the ability to lead. Its not about perfection (503).

Analysis of Heaneys Mid-Term Break Essay -- Heaney Mid-Term Break Poe

Reading a story or song about death is ordinarily sad and overtly predictable. However, Seamus Heaney inverts this mundane typicality to turn out a numbers shrouded in mystery. The main aspects of Heaneys poetry Mid-Term Break are the plot development and how the diction sets the shady tone that slowly reveals the mystery. One technique Heaney delectations is diction, which aids in plot development. In the initiatory stanza he uses oral communication that draw out the stanza and make it face to inhabit a long time. In the first line the use of the word all drags out the line. The sense of time is apparent in this first stanza. The second line, Counting bells knelling classes to a close, uses words that describe him listening and counting the bells that signal when class is out. This use of description emphasizes or supports the preceding line I sat all morning in the college sick bay. Finally the reader is given a time, At twain o clock our neighbors drove me home. The circumstance that the neighbors drove him home makes the reader skepticism why that is the case. Up to this point the reader is not aware that a death in the family is the reason the boy is coming home. It could be that the boy himself is sick. In the second stanza the boy is home and sees his father crying. The reader now knows that someone died, but who is still a mystery. The use of dashes at the end of the first two lines of the second stanza aids in lengthening the stanza similarly to the first stanza but in a more dark way. The pause after his father is crying gives the reader a taste of what is happening. Then the dash after funerals in his stride, gives a pause to really lend about a somber tone. The last line of the third stanza, And Big Jim Evans saying it was... ...box. The plot is almost fully revealed but there is still the last line, A four piece box, a foot for every year. All the mysteries are revealed with this last line. The fearful last line when the rea der finds out that the boy s four-year-old brother was killed. The reader in like manner finds out in the next to last line that a car hit him. The structure Heaney uses in this poem is what makes the poem intriguing. If he stated in the first stanza that the boy s little brother had died and he was leaving school to go see him the poem would be just another poem about death. Heaney slowly reveals the situation through his gradual plot development. The tone and the plot development lead to the shocking final line, a four foot box, a foot for every year. It is not until the final line that the reader knows that the deceased is the narrator s four-year-old brother. compend of Heaneys Mid-Term Break Essay -- Heaney Mid-Term Break PoeReading a story or poem about death is usually sad and overtly predictable. However, Seamus Heaney inverts this mundane typicality to deliver a poem shrouded in mystery. The main aspects of Heaneys poem Mid-Term Break are the plot develo pment and how the diction sets the somber tone that slowly reveals the mystery. One technique Heaney uses is diction, which aids in plot development. In the first stanza he uses words that draw out the stanza and make it seem to last a long time. In the first line the use of the word all drags out the line. The sense of time is apparent in this first stanza. The second line, Counting bells knelling classes to a close, uses words that describe him listening and counting the bells that signal when class is out. This use of description emphasizes or supports the preceding line I sat all morning in the college sick bay. Finally the reader is given a time, At two o clock our neighbors drove me home. The fact that the neighbors drove him home makes the reader question why that is the case. Up to this point the reader is not aware that a death in the family is the reason the boy is coming home. It could be that the boy himself is sick. In the second stanza the boy is home and sees his fa ther crying. The reader now knows that someone died, but who is still a mystery. The use of dashes at the end of the first two lines of the second stanza aids in lengthening the stanza similarly to the first stanza but in a more somber way. The pause after his father is crying gives the reader a taste of what is happening. Then the dash after funerals in his stride, gives a pause to really bring about a somber tone. The last line of the third stanza, And Big Jim Evans saying it was... ...box. The plot is almost fully revealed but there is still the final line, A four foot box, a foot for every year. All the mysteries are revealed with this last line. The shocking last line when the reader finds out that the boy s four-year-old brother was killed. The reader also finds out in the next to last line that a car hit him. The structure Heaney uses in this poem is what makes the poem intriguing. If he stated in the first stanza that the boy s little brother had died and he was leaving sch ool to go see him the poem would be just another poem about death. Heaney slowly reveals the situation through his gradual plot development. The tone and the plot development lead to the shocking final line, a four foot box, a foot for every year. It is not until the final line that the reader knows that the deceased is the narrator s four-year-old brother.

Industrial Change in Britain :: European Europe History

industrial Change in BritainIndustrial Change in BritainThere was frequent and widespread discontent How accurate is this statement?The Industrial Revolution is a term describing the many changes that transformed Great Britain from approximately 1760 and 1830. The main feature was the change to the factory system that depended on power control machinery instead of manpower and the rapid growth of the cotton constancy. The Industrial Revolution occurred because the scientists and inventors used their imaginations to develop new products and to exploit the opportunities of booming markets. Examples of this occurred in the textile, pottery and cast-iron industries. The development of mining, particularly of the widespread use of coal, road improvements due to the road tolls, the building of canals, the growth of coastal shipping and the later rise of the railways were all decisive in the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain meant that the sphere could i mport cotton, woollen goods, iron and steel, machinery, hardware and coal on a bulky scale. Other countries were not so industrialised therefore Great Britain had a strong advantage over them. Factory owners were able to move their products around the country more quickly, more cheaply and with greater safety than previously. For example, Britains main fuel was coal. As the towns grew they needed more coal. The coal was heavy and difficult to transport by road. During this time many canals were built and soon a canal net clear made transporting coal, merchandise and communicating a lot easier. During the Industrial Revolution, the cotton industry rapidly increased with the invention of an improved spinning wheel powered by water. These machines were quickly mass-produced for factory use. Factories could be built in the towns and expend many workers. The cotton industry saw rapid growth and needed many workers to keep it going. The increase in factories and employment meant that th ere was a considerable amount of work to do. Many children obtained work in the factories instead of attending school. Before the Industrial Revolution, families worked hard but could also rest when they could not work. In the factories, children and adults alike were expected to work very long hours and hardly ever had free time at home. In some cases, children worked from 3am to 10pm. Children could easily be prepare to work in the textile industries because it was made up of simple tasks. Sunday was a day of rest, yet in some factories, the children had to turn up for work to clean the machinery.

Charles Dickens Great Expectations Essay -- Charles Dickens Great Exp

Charles Dickens Great ExpectationsChapter one of the novel Great Expectations opens in a bleak andovergrown churchyard on the eerie marsh country. Here we areintroduced to post, as a young and nave boy, and we discover he isalso an orphan, who lives with sister and her husband the blacksmith,in a small village a mile or more from the church.Whilst Pip is in the churchyard, he meets an escaped convict,Magwitch, whom Pip gives food to, and this encounter remains poignantin both their lives, as Pip goes on to receive the opportunity tobecome a gentleman, from a mysterious benefactor, and he abandons hisfriends and family for his Great Expectations and his Londonlifestyle.The desolate choice of setting and location for the suck of the novelare relevant to Pips unhappy childhood. Dickens uses negativedescriptions such as bleak place overgrown with nettles to create avivid and miserable image in the readers mind. At once it becomesobvious that Pips tale is non going to be a cheery or pleasant one-more the reverse, as his surroundings are described with moredepressing phrases including dark flat wilderness, to describe themarshes and land beyond the churchyard, and distant savage lair, toemphasise the fierceness of the sea. We get the impression of anisolated, wild and barren marshland, and feel sorry for the poor youngboy allow out with nobody with him.We are told that Pip never saw his father or his mother, and told alsothat he childishly derived what they may have looked like from thecoming into court of their tombstones. Pip evidently felt alone and desertedat this time, as we see him in the churchyard visiting his parentsgraves, and looking at the five itty-bitty stone... ...gers that finish off each chapter.The fact that Magwitch is introduced to Pip in the first chapter isappealing for the reader, as this creates curiosity in wanting to knowwhat is going to draw to Pip, and what is to become of Magwitch. Thereader is persuaded to read on to discover out also whether Pip obeysMagwitch, and how Pip completes his task. Also, because we feel sorryfor the poor boy, we are curious to find out the outcome of his lifeand whether it gets any better.Overall, Chapter one of the novel Great Expectations provides us withsufficient information about Pip to know that he is not going to growup in a loving and caring environment, as we find out that he is anorphan, who lives with his sister and her husband, in a stiff andunloving household, and is let out alone in a deserted churchyardvisiting his parents graves one evening.

Fodorian Naturalistic Semantics and Double Disjunctivitis :: Philosophy

Fodorian Naturalistic Semantics and Double DisjunctivitisABSTRACT Direct Informational Semantics, according to which Xs represent (express/mean) X if Xs cause Xs is a law, and Fodorian naturalistic semantics both suffer from double disjunctivitis. I argue that robustness, properly construed, characterizes both represented properties and representing symbols two or more properties normally regarded as non-disjunctive may distributively be nomologically connected to a non-disjunctive symbol, and two or more non-disjunctive symbols may each be nomologically connected to a property. This kind of robustness bifurcates the so-called disconnectedness conundrum into a Represented-Disjunction Problem, of which Fodor was aware, and a Representer-Disjunction Problem, of which he was on the whole oblivious. Fodor fails to solve these problems his solution to the former, the Asymmetric Dependence Condition, presupposes a successful solution to the latter, while practicable responses that Fod or might make to the latter either beg the former or cannot be met or else flout the Naturalistic Requirement and the Atomistic Requirement. Even desktop the Representer-Disjunction Problem aside, the Represented-Disjunction Problem does not get solved, because the robustness involving phonological/orthographic sequences (tokens and types) guarantees that nothing can meet the Asymmetrical Dependence Condition. Indeed there is a serious problem of individuating phonological/orthographic tokens and types in a manner that satisfies Fodors expectations. This is made manifest by the presence of orthographic tokens embedded in larger tokens. I. Fodors Naturalization Proposal and the Represented-Disjunction ProblemThe specific task which the naturalization project is designed to accomplish is to construct an information-based semantic theory that articulates (I) an atomistical and (II) naturalistic i.e., in non-intentional, non-semantic terms sufficient condition for a syntactically pr imitive predicate to express a property. (1) For convenience (I) will be referred to as the Atomistic Requirement and (II) as the Naturalistic Requirement. Now if Direct Informational Semantics were correct, tamarao would express the disjunctive property tamarao or thump because, under authentic conditions, a thump and a tamarao are each sufficient for its tokening. Thus a tokening of a symbol would be ipso facto true. There would be no accounting for the fact that meaning is robust cow tokens get caused in all sorts of ways, and they all mean cow for all that. (2) I shall refer to this problem (3) as the Represented-Disjunction Problem, considering that it figures on the represented side. Fodor proposes to solve the Represented-Disjunction Problem without abandoning the main thrust of the information-theoretic account. His proposal (FP) is that X means X if (4)