Route 66 and of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

Route 66 and of Mice and Men EssayJohn Steinbeck wrote many novels, including Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath. In the book, Of Mice and Men, he mentions the historic Route 66. A short summary of Of Mice and Men, background information, and the correlation of Route 66 and The Grapes of Wrath will describe how the two are related. First, in the book Of Mice and Men, Lennie and George travel from cattle farm to ranch looking for jobs as ranch hands. There is a problem with Lennie and a woman at the ranch of Weed, so he and George go to a new ranch. When they arrive, they meet Curley, Slim, Crooks, Curleys Wife, and another(prenominal)s. They help out around the ranch while getting paid. Lennie and George do not spend their money because they have a dream house they are saving up for. Lennie always talks about Tending the rabbits and the great times they will have when they get the house. The other ranch hands hear about this plan and want in. Unfortunately, Curleys wife wa s a whore and tried to get on Lennie, even after he killed his puppy, thinking that it would bounce off the ground.Lennie likes soft things, like mice and soft fabrics, so when Curleys wife offered for Lennie to touch her hair, he grabbed on and didnt permit go. She started screaming so Lennie choked her. After George found out that Lennie killed her, he realized that he would have to go to an asylum where he would be probed and well-tried because of the mental disabilities he had. George had to shoot him and go on his way. Next, the Historic Route 66 played a great role in American history, in compositionicular during the Great Depression.This route was made of dirt and rocks, and stretched from Chicago to Los Angeles. It crossed a lot of the Midwest, Great Plains, and the Southwest. Historic Route 66 does not exist anymore, still highways and other paths can be taken to get a feel of the distance and scenery. Following, John Steinbeck, in his 1940 novel Grapes of Wrath, chron icled the migration along Route 66 of thousands of farmers loss the Dust Bowl of Kansas and Oklahoma during the Great Depression, trying to reach a better land in California.Steinbeck posited the road as an almost hostile force, flow money, energy, and enthusiasm from the optimistic Okies. In Of Mice and Men, the highway that George walks to after Lennie is dead is the famous Historic Route 66. In conclusion, Route 66 was a major part of both John Steinbecks novels and the American history of the Great Depression. It helped many migrant farmers get to a better life in California and molded our nation for years to come.

Bachelor of Arts Community development Essay Example for Free

Bachelor of liberal arts Community development EssayThe unit explores the power of ideas to change the world and ourselves, focusing on their birth, transmission, evolution, and personal and global impact. finished the study of selected themes, students ar introduced to the knowledge and approaches central to the arts, social sciences and humanities, and are invited to reflect on competing moral and social arguments. The development of writing and critical thinking skills are a core focus of the unit.The unit is arranged around four different root words, each of which is allocated five or six lectures and three tutorials. Each topic consists of an organising theme which is used to focus a set of contrasting disciplinary perspectives from within the arts, social sciences and humanities. For 2014, the four organising themes are The individual and the community.ViolenceTruth and theatricalThe good lifeThe key aims of this unit are as followsTo introduce students to a range of me thodological, conceptual and theoretical appraoches to the main discipline areas covered in the Bachelor of Arts degree. To show how social and moral issues may be examined from diverse perspectives, so as to result in differing evaluations, each offering potentially valuable illuminations. To provide students with the conceptual tools to become more articulate and reflective in their examination of social and moral issues.The majors which comprise the Bachelor of Arts in 2014 areAsian StudiesAustralian Indigenous Studies conference and Media StudiesCommunity DevelopmentCriminologyEducation StudiesEnglish and Creative WritingGames Art and Design biographyIndonesianInteractive Digital DesignInternational Aid and DevelopmentJapaneseJournalismLegal StudiesPhilosophyPhotographyPublic Relations authorities and International StudiesRadioReligionSecurity, Terrorism and Counterterrorism StudiesSocial and Developmental PsychologySociologySoundSustainable DevelopmentTheatre and DramaTourism a nd EventsWeb Communication

FMCG Industry In India Commerce Essay

FMCG Industry In India Commerce EssayIndia force out parade of being the fourth largest Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) Sector glob all toldy (India blot Equity Foundation, n. d., p. 2). The estimated size of the FMCG sector of India is Rs. 1,300 billion (Gnimoline, n. d.). It has shown further growth of about 11 portion in the recent times. However, the FMCG sector of India is not same that of the originateed marketplaces, which ar only dominated by few discover players. It is defragmented and comprised of large anatomy of sellers who conduct pedigree in both organized and unorganized markets. Among 12-13 million retail stores, about 9 million stores belong to the FMCG segment. The nation of the earth is oer one billion, so it has a smashed guest consisting of about 300 million middle class buyers. It is considered to be among the largest economies because of the large purchasing power of the slew (Sharma, and Bakshi, 2012, p. 472-474).India is considered to be t he fastest develop countries in the world now, so the disposable incomes of the hatful argon increasing and even the standard of living of the rural people has gone through with(predicate) drastic change. The Indian FMCG market is flooded with goods and run and the consumers have access to innumerable products based on their needs and indispensablenesss. The study players in the FMCG sector of India are Britannia Industries, Dabur India, ITC, Nestle India, Palmolive, Marico Industries, Tata, Amul, and many more (Sharma, and Bakshi, 2012, p. 472-474). It was derived from a research that an average Indian spends around 40 percent of their income on products like grocery and about 8 percent on the personal care items, as can be seen in Figure 1Figure generator (India Brand Equity Foundation, n. d., p. 4)In distinguish to understand the practice session of ERP and its pros and cons in the tote up string of the FMCG sector, it is very fundamental to first segregate the segmen ts of the FMCG labor because the different companies merchandising diverse products utilize ERP based on their convince, business strategies and goals of the conjunction. The major segments in the FMCG sector of India are household care, food and beverages, and personal care. There are few minor segments too.1.2 India Competitiveness and Comparison with the World MarketsDue to the diverse climatic condition and different landscapes, wide range of food processing companies has the chance to do business and generate revenue in India. India is regarded as the largest supplier of milk, livestock, coconut, cashew, spices, and sugarcane. It is as well as the second largest producer of ve tolerateables, rice and wheat. The country excessively has ample turn in of tart soda, and the soda ash which is the raw existents required for the detergents and soaps. Tata Chemicals is the largest company in the world, which produces the synthetic soap ash. The Indian companies also have a sign ificant presence in the orbicular FMCG value filament, which ranges from raw materials to the finish and packed products. Amul is the most popular company in India which deals in dairy products. Apart from the profit of having raw material in abundance, India also enjoys the huge resource of low- damage labour resource, among all the Asian countries, as can be seen in Figure 2.FigureSource (India Brand Equity Foundation, n. d., p. 7)Two major resources are there in adequate amount in the country. galore(postnominal) multinational companies have set up factories or manufacturing units in India to minimize their cost of production. For example Unilever a global giant sources a huge part of their product requirements from the Indian subsidiary called Hindustan prise Limited. Unilever has outsourced about US$218 million products from HLL, which are mainly the personal, home care, and food products. Even Procter and stake has outsourced an Indian company in Hyderabad to manufacture Vicks Vapourub, so that Procter Gamble can export them easily to Japan, Australia and the other Asian countries (India Brand Equity Foundation, n. d., p 9-10).India has al ways tried to compete in the world market and allowed internationals or multinationals to trade in the country. With this idea, the policies were developed to attain international competitiveness, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as by reducing the excise duties, lifting the restriction on the quantity, eco-friendly food law formulation, and by permitting the brand names of the foreign products in the country.1.3 SWOT Analysis of the FMCG Industry in IndiaAccording to Bohm (2009, p. 2) SWOT abstract is a strategic focus scratch which can be utilized to evaluate the strength, failing, opportunity and threats of the put up reach of the Indian FMCG market. SWOT analysis can assist in designing an impressive plan that would capitalize the opportunities, utilize the strengths, by neutralizing the threats and minim izing the effects of weaknesses.StrengthsAll the major brands around the world are present in the FMCG market due to the strong put out bowed stringed instrument framework in India. Even the base of the raw materials in the country is adequate for the procession of food products industries. The raw materials for the agro-based industries are also available and this is because of the diverse climatic condition which supports the growth of different crops in different parts of the country. Apart from these things, the production cost, delivery cost and the labour cost is also low, so this acts as a major advantage for not only domestic manufacturers, but also for the international manufacturing companies (Soundarapandian, 2002, p. 50-54). A good scenery of the supply chain in India is that it is uniformly spread in the urban as well as the rural areas of the country (Krishnamacharyulu, 2011, p. 404). Technological advancement in every parts of the country is also reflected in the s upply chain segment too. IT enabled supply chain has high begs in the Asian markets, which also includes India. In India the FMCG countries provide ample assistance to the rural sector and the agricultural industry too. That is wherefore increasing usage of engineering science in agriculture is seen these days (Ferrell, and Hartline, 2010, p. 122-124).WeaknessesThe major weakness is the growing market of fake products of popular brands. The Me-too products are sold less that their duplicates in the rural markets and also in the semi-urban markets (Kashyap, and Raut, 2005, p. 150-151). Though the usage of technology is growing, yet the scope of investment on technology is still limited. The risk is high and companies are reluctant to take risk (Mukherjee, and Patel, 2005, p. 124). Moreover, the export level is also high due to the increasing level of competition in the market. Though the raw materials are getting cheaper, but the FMCG companies are raising the prices of the produc ts, and due to the spacious market size, companies have become more interested in earning profit and creating power brands.OpportunitiesThe Indian FMCG industry now has many suppliers who have identified ways of decreasing their cost and have introduced innovative ideas to enhance and improve the supply chain. Efforts should be made by the Indian companies to improve the quality of the supply chain. The population of the domestic market in India is 1.2 billion. The growth possibilities of the Indian companies are immense especially in the rural areas, as about 12.2 percent population of the country stays in rural areas (Euromonitor International, 2008). Apart from this the increasing focus and initiatives of the government towards the FMCG companies also depicts a growth prospect for the companies. Globalization and liberalization has also undecided impudently horizons for the FMCG companies of India. Healthy products such as eco-friendly goods are gaining popularity in the worl d market similarly Indian FMCG market should also utilize their resources to cash such an opportunity.ThreatsThe rural India includes 627,000 villages (IIM Ahmadabad, n. d.). So challenges are faced by the supply chain companies in dispersal networks. Problems related to IT sourcing, professionals and procurement activities for involving more and more members in the supply network can also be faced. Moreover, lack of investments for the technological advancement, lower level of computer literacy, and low penetration of internet facilities in the rural areas. The intricate framework of the supply chain in the country may also make the distribution of products difficult.1.4 interpret twine in FMCG SectorIn order to succeed in the highly competitive markets, companies should align the supply chain along the market contain and serve accordingly. The performance of the supply chain provides an frame in to the company over its competitors. Supply chain guidance involves the right c o-ordination of location, production, expectation, inventory, and information. Indian FMCG industry is ranked as the fifth most eye-catching and budding markets in the world, in case of supply chain management practices. It has also been graded second in the GRDI (Global Retail Development Index), which included a comparative analysis of 30 different developing countries (Munjal, Kumar, and Narwal, 2011, p. 156-162). The Indian FMCG sector is characterized by the stiff competition between the unorganized and the organized sector, and also among the highly established intermediaries and distribution networks. Even a strong presence of the multinational companies can be seen in the value chain of the entire FMCG sector of India. Though the performance of this industry had been inconsistent during the phase of 2000-2003, and even the investors in this sector could not derive any profit, but in 2005 and so on, the FMCG sector has seen a demanding growth. Further, in the course of str ike 2006, the FMCG industry not increased the disposable income but also improved the economic wellness of the country. The FMCG sector has grown further by 60 percent till 2010. The rural segment and the middle class of the country are considered to be the most promising segment of buyers in India. This also gives the brand makers the opportunity to convert these FMCG products into brands (Munjal, Kumar, and Narwal, 2011, p. 156-162).1.5 ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) in Supply ChainOver many years the companies have started embracing naked as a jaybird style of resource management and intend software structure in order to integrate the different processes, manage the resources in a better way of life and enforce the integrity of the data. The governances which contain all these qualities intact can be termed as an ERP solution or system (Davenport, 2000 Boykin, 2001, p. 99-100 Sadagopan, 1999, p. 179-181). Before ERP was introduced, the supply chain segment used to enjoy t he advantages of material requirement planning (MRP) in case of delivering performance and inventory turnover (Schroeder, Anderson, Tupy, and White, 1981, p. 1-4). Though statistics speaks that 80 percent of the companies implementing ERP have failed (Sarkis and Sundarraj, 2003), Cliffe (1999) revealed that about 65 percent of the executives have a belief that the ERP solutions can be harmful, and these perceptions further lead to the failure of the ERP system or poor implementation of the systems that even lead to the bankruptcy of the companies (Appleton, 1997). However, it goes without saying that those evidences of failures are there, but benefits of ERP are also innumerable. The top management of the FMCG companies having clear vision regarding the implementation process and its results can utilize it for the success of the company (Holland and Light, 1999).A new perspective in the supply chain can be seen nowadays due to which companies are opting for ERP systems for the FMCG sector. Due to rising pressure of implementing green systems, and utilizing green resources by increasing on the manufacturers and marketers, the usage of ERP solutions specially designed to support green or eco-friendly supply chain have been launched in the market. Indian FMCG sector took like that of other countries has welcomed this initiative. Though the penetration level of such specific ERP system in the supply chain is less, but it is slowly gaining momentum (Wu and Wang, 2006, p. 882 Leedale, 2010, p. 1-3).1.6 Outline of the driveIt can be well understood that when the country has such massive establishment of FMCG industry, then supply chain would be surely playing an important role in this sector. Keeping in mind the importation of supply chain in FMCG sector in India and the increasing use of technology in the retail and FMCG sector, this study aims to thoroughly analyze the significant and the challenges of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in the supply chain of the FMCG sector of Lucknow, India. ERP plays an important role in the supply chain of the FMCG sector because the motto of supply chain segment is to deliver the goods at the right time, in the right place and to the right people. The study is designed to include the both the secondary data and the primary data. Secondary data signifies the past research and literature that are available on the usage of technology based ERP solutions in the Indian supply chain segment of the FMCG sector, and primary data on the other hand would be collected through questionnaire survey that would be conducted.Since the primary research that would be conducted would be specifically based on the FMCG industry and its supply chain in Lucknow, India, the research study begins with an overview of the nuances of the FMCG industry, the role of the supply chain and the significance of the ERP solutions in these sectors in India. This would give the readers a clear view of the country as a whole. The next bran ch would be a literary analysis of the supply networks in India, especially in the northern parts where Lucknow is situated, the penetration of technology, especially solutions like ERP, and also a brief overview of the supply chains of the companies in Lucknow chosen for this research study. Further a research would be conducted and results drawn would be analyzed to suggest recommendations.1.7 investigate ObjectivesThe objectives of this research study are stated belowTo comprehend the notion of ERP in supply chain management, in the FMCG sector and focus on the significance and relevance.Analyze the importance of ERP by studying the past literatures available, so as to evaluate the theories of other researchers in this regard.To scrutinize the activities in supply chain management and understand the operation functions of major FMCG companies of India, which are also based in Lucknow.To study the activities and functions of ERP in the supply chain of these companies.To analyze t he results of the findings and throw light on the similarities and differences of ERP usages of these companies in their supply chain management.1.8 Problem StatementThe study would investigate the responsibility and the challenges of ERP in supply chain segment of the FMCG sector in Lucknow, India. The issues which the supply chain companies face due incorrect ERP implementation or inadequate training would also be discussed. Further, instances of breakdown of the supply chain services in the FMCG sector due to ERP problems would also be discussed.1.9 Research QuestionQ1 What role does supply chain play in the FMCG sector of Lucknow, India?Q2 What improvements can be seen in supply chain after extensive usage of ERP?Q3 What challenges supply chain departments or companies and the FMCG companies face specially due to ERP?Q4 How the major FMCG companies in Lucknow, India utilize ERP for their supply chain?CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Supply Chain Sector in IndiaThe traditionali sticistic boundaries are the things of past. The new horizons of technology have introduced an array fresh business opportunities and also infused various challenges that needs to be mastered or trapped. In order to maintain a significant position in market nowadays, companies have to concurrently manage the efficiency of the various business activities, such as distribution, manufacturing, and services, effectively. Competitive advantage is governed by innovation, visibility, customerization, velocity, scalability, and cost governance. The future of business depends on serving the customers properly, and maintaining a trustful relationship with the suppliers, and partners. In order to attain all these criteria and objectives, organisations apply the suppositions of supply chain management (SCM) (D. Simchi-Levi, Kaminsky, and E. Simchi-Levi, 2000 Sahay, 2000 Derocher, and Kilpatrick, 2000). The concepts and theories of SCM can be traced subscribe to the ages of Forrester (1958, 19 61), who recognized the dynamics of several response to the changing demand in the various situations that arises in supply chain. Forrester had acknowledged that dynamic complexities create distortion in the patterns of demand by shifting the demand from the end users to the manufacturers, and the raw material suppliers. One of the major implications in SCM is that all the participants are interdependent, which is both the strength and the weakness of this system.The interest in SCM has increased since 1980s after globalisation and free flow of trade and commerce. Organisations started viewing the benefits of collaborative trade relationships. Though management concept has massive scope for growth in India, but the proliferation of the variety of products and the reducing life cycles of the products have forced the Indian companies to think beyond the boundaries of just maintaining quislingism with the supply chain partners (Vrat, 1998, p. 10-24). The dramatically changing enviro nment has made the Indian organisations realise the effect of competing unnecessarily without the assistance of the supply chain associates. The requirements for adaptation of collaborative methods are high because of the recent deregulation in the global saving and also due to globalisation and its effects on the Indian frugality. The traditional defensive attitude industrial, organisational and economic boundaries have now been demolished (Saxena and Sahay, 2000). However, new and emerging markets bring in new opportunities, as well as new rivals too. The rules of trading relationships and economy are now ascertained and re-defined by technology and information networks. This is the reason why it has become mandatory for the Indian organisation for look out for such SCM methodologies and process which can maximise their efficiency not only beyond their operation, but also make them eligible to compete with the top FMCG brands of the world (Sahay, 1999). Many Indian companies hav e not operated in the open economy system. So working with appropriate business partners, developing mutual trust, designing a unflawed SCM system, etc are altogether an alien ball-game for them. It has been studied that the Indian industry spends about 14 percent of the GDP on the logistics, and about $25 billion is accustomed to the inventories or stocks in the supply chain system around the country. Though India is one of the fastest developing countries with more than a billion populations, it should think of in unified highly advanced SCM theories and overturees for sustainable economic growth (Korgaonker, 1999a, 1999b). The significance of supply chain in organisation is being recognised in at the corporate level.The Indian supply chain plays a significant role for the growth and development of the FMCG sector. With the motive of overcoming the challenges that the retailers face and also to develop new systems and solutions for the organisations in India, the Supply Chain Council was formed (Supply Chain Leadership Council, 2012). Supply chain assist in organising the business activities in the FMCG by establishing a shelf-centric partnership between the manufacturers and the retailers. The constitution of the supply chain in India is relatively fragmented because of less availability of fresh produce. This reveals the requirement of more advanced and coordinate supply chain in the country. The supply chain networks play significant role in India because they assist the customers to purchase variety of products at affordable prices. It is because of the supply chain the customers can get various offering that the company has designed for the customers based on the changing taste and preferences of the customers. The Indian Infrastructure in terms of rails, roads, and air transportation are not sufficient. In these cases warehousing play a very important role in the operations of the supply chain system. In order to traverse these issues the retail ers in India are trying their level ruff to decrease their transportation cost and are also outsourcing their supply chain system to the specialized companies for best logistics. Supply chain is required for the development of cost effective collaboration in order to survive in the competitive environment.India has a diverse economy which ranges from village farming, handicrafts, agriculture to technologically advance modern industries, and other diverse services. However the major source of economic growth of India is the Services offered to customers. It has been analysed that approximately 60 percent of labours or work force are into the agriculture (Hirway, 2008, p. 1-14). This compels the government of the country to improve the standard of living of the rural citizens of the country by developing the basic infrastructure for them, making available the resources such as education, medicines, health care facilities, or food, etc for the overall development of the country. The r eduction of control on FDI is an initiative to welcome foreign investors so as to encourage free flow of trade and commerce and improve the economic condition of the country. The Indian logistics and supply chain had played an important role all through these years and still evolving for the better. Constant improvement of the supply chain framework has made India the global hub for railroad car ancillaries, manufacturing of sophisticated products like luxury cars, pharmaceuticals, electronics, textiles, food processing, etc. It also has a significant role to play in the service sector through BPOs, tourism, health services, and education facilities. SCM has occupied a value spot in the corporate level. This is the reason it is studied by young entrepreneurs in business schools to implement an organised supply chain framework in the new emerging India. Companies nowadays directly focus on reducing cost and reaching out to the customers in the shortest possible time. For this reason the objective to design and develop the best supply chain system for increasing the profitability is the best solution.2.2 Role of Supply Chain in the FMCG Sector of IndiaThe FMCG industry follows a simple strategy that is to keep the price margins low, and volume of products high. In order to continue business in this manner FMCG companies in India need to plan the entire operational functions and the different value chain actions to the last details, so as to ensure guaranteed profit. Branding assists in differentiating the products, date supply chain or distribution system would determine the faith of the FMCG companies in the long run. The diversity of the Indian market and the huge opportunities in the vast untapped rural market of India provides opportunities to the FMCG companies to explore these areas and connect them through effective supply chain networks. Though the level of competition, and changing business environment has transform the significant of each elements in the supply chain, but the major elements remains the same. The activities, level of performances, resources utilised and the approaches of utilising the resources have changed with requirements and time.There are five specific factors on the basis of which the supply chain of the FMCG sector in India functions. They are stated belowCombined scheduling, forecasting, offering customer services, and building relationships The supply chain system has the duty to reduce the lead-time and deliver the goods per performance on time to the customers for building a strong relationship with them. It must possess a strong demand and supply forecasting structure for correct supply chain arrangement and movements. Responsiveness of the supply chain is also necessary towards the customers and is regarded as the most vituperative factor for success. The forecast for collaboration with the customers is prepared by taking into account the sales figures of the past and a project figure for the futur e. An effective mechanism for customer care and services is prepared so as to offer customized services to them and provide value based services. Point of sales, inventory and real time demand like concepts are given importance and data related to such approaches are collected from retailers for survey or research in order to improvize the supply chain system (Gentry and Vellenga, 1996, p. 37-44).Establishment of operational system with the suppliers and formulating provisions for logistics services The agreements at service level with the transporters assist in providing the reliability and the force to the logistics framework. The requirements of the customers are analysed and accordingly designs are developed. The feasibility of producing those designs are also checked steps involved in developing a new product is followed to develop the idea into a product and float it in the market. Networking and clustering with the intermediaries and the suppliers for deciding the location of the firm is important, so that the location may act as an advantage for the company. Nowadays outsourcing partial activities of the company proves to a cost and time saving step. After this the selection of a dynamic route for the distribution of the product is selected. The suppliers are selected keeping in mind that the product reaches the customers on time and also large accumulation of stock in the shop is not there. So the approach of Just-in time is preferable in such cases (Mathur, 2010, p. 391-395). Lean approach for operational improvements in the supply chain is also an intelligent initiative. Companies also develop transport rating systems for tracking and enhancing the performance of the distribution system and logistics, charm the suppliers evaluate the cost, but not the unit prices of the products or the services.Cross Functionality through establishing collaborative activities with the dealers and suppliers The quick demand is shared and information assists the s upply chain to smoothen the flow. Though previously the suppliers were reluctant to use technology or IT services, but now IT is welcomed and deep integrated in the supply chain system of India. The activities in which the company does not have much experience or competency, is usually outsourced now to alleviate cost and time. Organisation, especially FMCG companies in India have now realized that working in close relationship with the suppliers, intermediaries and the supply chain is critical for the success of the company (Lambert, Stock, and Ellram 1998, p. 3-28).Strategic Partnership and the practice of outsourcing to survive in the competitive environment The organisations in FMCG sectors prefer to have strategic partnerships with selected well established suppliers. This is the reason why the competition among the suppliers is also increasing. The suppliers are encouraged by the organisations to offer cost effective and quality services. The modularity of the supply chain s ystem is also beneficial for the booming establishment of SCM. The organisations share the rewards and risks associated with the suppliers and the supply chain as the market is volatile and changes in the market negatively affects the suppliers.The selection of suppliers strategically, evaluation and development The preference for selecting the suppliers depends on the flexibility and customization of the volume of goods. It is the suppliers who should involve in the development of new product so as to deliver the new products to the customers in no time. The suppliers balanced bill of fare should be made so that the performances of the supply chain can be assessed (Lambert, Stock, and Ellram 1998, p. 3-28).2.3 Usage of Technology in the Supply Chain SegmentSupply chain management (SCM) plays an important role in companies for the creation and maintenance of sustainable relation with the customers and the suppliers. According to the Global Supply Chain Forum (GSCF), SCM is the inc orporation of the major business practices to the customers with the help of the suppliers that assist in transfer of goods, services and relevant information and add value to the offerings offered to the customers and other stakeholders. The process of supply chain management involves all the activities from transporting raw materials to manufacturers to supplying finished products to point of purchase and also to the point of storage (Hanfield, and Nichols, 1999, p. 143-156). SCM includes all activities that are associated with the achievement of competitive advantage and sustainability of the business. In this sphere internet is affecting the process in which nowadays goods are distributed and bought. The advent of Internet has changed the ways of conducting business. Companies are injecting technology in various departments of the giving medication to discover new ways of earning revenue, finding new customers, and managing the supply chain of the company. E-commerce is one of the parts in the technological environment (Bushry, 2005, p.87-88). It enables the marketer to sell the products and services through a virtual marketplace and the payment for the product is also done online through the use of internet services. In large manufacturing companies, the supply chain segment has to manage multiple suppliers and vendors at the same time and also regulate the flow of goods to the different target markets. Technology is now treated as agents who help in solving the major problems of management or information overload. The collaborative information agents play very significant roles in SCM.The pressure of global competition is increasing day by day, so the requirement for streamlining the supply chain in order to make it responsive and flexible is also increasing. The traditional ways of distributing the product led to the inaccurate assumption of demand and exact supply figures. The suppliers and the marketer also faced problems in the maintenance of record s in the warehouses and while production. Due to these issues, the whole supply chain infrastructure started evolving and moving towards the electronic transfer of data, and electronic supply chain systems. There are few characteristics which can be seen in the present day supply chain and its philosophy, such as sharing of information, management of inventory, adopting flexibility readily, cost minimising strategies, coordination of all the intermediaries in the pipeline. The business environment of all the industries is becoming more dynamic, so the product life cycles are becoming shorter, and the demand of products and services are uncertain (Sheth, and Sharma, 2000, p. 55-60). The supply chain environment has changed in the recent times as the warehouses have reduced in number, competition level has increased, third-party services have increased, channel integration, etc. The traditional supply chains are reactive rather than being proactive, uncertain, extensive lead times, de ficiency of flexibility in operation, etc. The next generation of supply chain system should be customer centric, have scalability, flexible, open, integrated, capable of functioning autonomously, optimization and negotiation capability, etc. It must have the capability to forecast accurately, and it should be compatible with the manufacturing process (Anderson, and Lee, 199

Impact Of Floods In Low Lying Areas Environmental Sciences Essay

Impact Of springs In Low Lying Areas Environmental Sciences EssayVijayawada metropolis is situated on the bevels of river Krishna. gormandizes rival the city many times, which creates damage to the plenty and properties. The city has faced many gormandises since long back. The aim of the study is to find out the factors which ar responsible for the overindulges in the city and the impact of the floods in the low lying argonas (which be mostly affected) of Vijayawada. This study will be useful to work out the measures to handle the floods in the city. A few suggestions have been given to tackle the damaging phenomenon of the floods.Keywords Vijayawada, Krishna River, Budameru epithelial duct, Floods,INTRODUCTIONVijayawada is the third largest city in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Over the years, Vijayawada has been experiencing extensive development mate with high urban step-up. It is an important commercial and transport centre of the State. Being a big city people from a ll over the country be migrating to Vijayawada for their livelihood irrespective of their caste and creed. The rapid urbanization in the city has led to increase the business of settlements with the unsafe attitudes which ultimately causes natural disaster. In adjunct to this, heavy rains in this area have been causing frequent floods with roads in many places submerged for several hours and the road traffic coming to a halt, bringing in considerable damage to public and private properties. Floods are the most damaging phenomena that effect to the social and economic of the population. It is one of the major disasters bear upon the population especially those living in high risk areas, in the flood plains and the low lying areas causing extensive damage to properties and even firing of lives.But before studying the impact of the floods in the low lying areas of Vijayawada, let us first understand the meaning of Floods.AFloodis an outflow of water that submerges land.TheEuropea n Union(EU)Floods Directivedefines a flood as a covering by water of land not normally cover by water. Flooding may turn up from the volume of water deep down a body of water, such as ariverorlake, which overflows or breaks levees, with the result that some of the water escapes its usual boundaries,or may be due to accumulation of rainwater on saturated ground in an aerial floodFloods are caused by many factors heavy pelting, highly acceleratedsnowmelt, severe winds over water, unusual high tides,tsunamis, or failure of dams,levees,retention ponds, or some other structures that retained the water. Flooding can be exacerbated by increased amounts of impervious surface or by other natural hazards such as wildfires, which get over the supply of vegetation that can absorb rainfall. The factors which are responsible for the flooding of Vijayawada city will be studied in a detailed appearance in the following study.TOPOGRAPHY OF THE CITYThe city is sited at the foot of a low range hi lls on the northern bank of the river Krishna with its cardinal points as 16 31 North latitude and 80 37 East longitude, around 70 km away from the coast.The land lay of Vijayawada is characterized by iv canals, four hills and the river Krishna. Vijayawada when forward motioned from Guntur is welcomed by the historic gates across the holy river Krishna. The way to Machilipatnam runs parallel to Budameru canal and crosses two other canals.There are four major hillsa) Indrakiladri pitcherb) Machavaram Hillc) Gunadala Hilld) Moghalrajapuram HillThe natural slope of the centenarian town is falling from north to south whereas the new town slopes down from west to east. When compared to the old town, the new town is flat and hence makes drainage less effective. Though the city is protected from high flood banks in the southern side, the low-lying lands are not immune to floods.Indrakiladri hill (One town Vidyadharapuram)-The areas covered by Indrakiladri hill are popularly known as I Town and Vidyadharapuram. It is located on the West Side and Northern Side of Vijayawada City. The height of the hills is close 240 Meters. The perimeter of the hills is nigh 10 km. The areas such as Ramarajaya Nagar, Kummaraalem, 4-Pillar center, Ali Nagar, Kabela Road are falling with in this hill area.Mogalrajapuram hillMogalarajpuram Hills of Vijayawada is a major hill range located on the Eastern side of Vijayawada city. The maximum height of the hills is virtually 250 Meters. The perimeter of the hills is about 6 kms. The areas such as Dasari Ramana Nagar, Ravi Chettu Center, Sunnapubattila Center are falling within these hill areas.Machavaram hillMachavaram Hills of Vijayawada is a major hill range located on the East Side of Vijayawada City. The maximum height of the hills is about 240 Mts. The perimeter of the the hill area is about 4 km. The areas such as Karimkanagar, Gulammohiddin Nagar, Maruthinagar are falling within these hill areas.Gundala hillGunadala Hills of V ijayawada is a major hill range located on the Eastern Side of Vijayawada city. The maximum height of the hills is about 242 Meters. The perimeter of the hills is about 10 km. The areas such as Ayyapanagar, Kristurajapuram, Vijayanagar Colony, Arunlagar, Lurthnagar, Betlahem Nagar etc. are falling within these hill areas. semen of the Information MRO (Urban), Revenue Dept, Vijayawada.Canals-The Krishna Eastern Main Canal on the left bank of Krishna River, after traversing for one km gets divided into three canals Eluru canal, Bandar canal and Ryves canal traversing the inner city. A come apart from these, Budameru stream skirts the city limits to pass through and through the rural part of the VMC.Bandar CanalThe canal traverses for a distance of 7.5 km on the southern side of the city. For free movement of traffic, the canal has 10 bridge over built across it.Ryves CanalThe canal flows for a distance of around 7.6 km on the north-eastern side of the city. There are about 8 bridge over across it.Eluru CanalThe canal runs for a tally distance of around 65 km in Krishna and West Godavari districts. There are about sextuplet road bridges, two railway bridges and two foot-over bridges across the canal.Land Use ProfileThe city area can be in general divided into two categories one Developed area and the second Undeveloped area. Of the Vijayawada corporation area of 6188 ha, the developed land part of the city covers 3753 ha history for around 61% of the city area, leaving 2435 ha undeveloped.Land Use Composition Vijayawada, 2004S.NoLand UseArea in Ha.% to developedarea% to hail areaDeveloped component1.Residential ( Built -up )1348.2535.9221.792.Mixed-Residential ( Built -up )141.363.772.283.Residential vacant plots229.026.104.114.Commercial247.916.64.015.Industrial72.381.931.176.Public Semi- public270.167.24.377.Institutional178.314.752.888.Parks dictation grounds60.341.600.569.Recreational / Others3.10.080.0510.Roads800.8121.3412.9411.Railway190.495.083 .0812. water Bodies ( Canals Others)211.265.633.41Sub integrality3753.3910060.65Un-Developed component13.Agricultural Area885.9736.4014.3214.Vacant Lands618.2725.399.9915.Water Bodies ( River)668.4227.4510.8016.Hills262.0610.764.23Sub Total2434.72100.0039.35Grand Total6188.11100.00100.00Source VGTMUDARivers and DamsThere are two rivers flowing from VijayawadaKrishna RiverBudameru river/Drain which creates havoc during rainy season.Krishna RiverThe River Krishna takes of its origin in the Western Ghats at an circus tent of (+) 1336 Mts and runs for a length of about 1400 km and runs through Vijayawada city and joins at Bay of Bengal. The length of Krishna River up to Prakasam Barrage is about 1310 km. The flow of the river is managed partially by the Nagarjuna Sagar dam which is located to the west of Krishna District and Prakasam Barrage which is located at the beginning of the city.The Krishna Flood bank Above Prakasam Barrage is about 13km and under flood bank is 6.40 km whic h creates havoc in flood season which starts from June to December. Water release from barrage with 4, 12,734 to 10, 94,422 Cusecs is been observed over the years.Dam managementSince the main figure of the dam is to provide irrigation, the dam authorities try to fill the references during the monsoon to ensure water availability for the farmers in the surrounding districts during summers. Therefore occurrence of severe rainfall (1 day or 2 day extreme precipitation) due to cyclone or depression during the latter half of the monsoon season in the lower and middle Krishna flush toilet leads sudden increase in the reservoir level forcing the dam authorities to release water which sometime exceeds the carrying capacity of the river. This leads to flooding along the downstream.Flood chamfersThe total length of flood bank in Krishna District (within which the Vijayawada city is located) is 226.98 km. The flood banks of the River Krishna were originally formed in 1892. The flood banks were provided on two sides of the River up to sea as detailed below to contain the flood water with in the flood banks and there by protect the properties and human lives etc in Krishna District.Details of Flood Banks in Krishna DistrictS.No.Details Of The Flood Banks distance In km1.Krishna Left flood bank(above Prakasam Barrage)13.002.Krishnalanka Flood bank(below Prakasam Barrage)6.403.Krishna Left flood Bank (below PrakasamBarrage)89.604.Divi Left flood bank36.005.Divi Right Flood Bank32.006.K.E. Tidal Bank Divi Island22.007.Kona Tidal Bank (Machilipatnam Side)18.508.Seadyke Flood Bank (Machilipatnam Side)2.509.West Side Flood Bank (MachilipatnamSide)6.0010.Rudravaram Flood Bank (MachilipatnamSide)4.00Total230.00Source Irrigation DeptKrishna Lanka Flood Bank (3.38 km) This flood bank was formed during 1967 to protect the residents of Krishnalanka of Vijayawada city.Embankments /Flood Bank locationsS.NoName of theEmbankmentLength of theEmbankment in kmArea coveredLength of theEm bakment within the ward1Krishna Left Flood Bank(Above Barrage) From ( Ibrhimpatnamto Prakasham Barage)13kmIbrahimPatnam toBhavaniPuram6km2Bhavani puram ToKarakatta South5km3Krakatta South toLanchirevu/PunnamiHotel2km1Krishna Left Flood bank(Bellow PrakashamBarrage) From Brrage to RamalaingeswaraNagar (Krishna Lanka)6.40kmRanadheevi nagar22Taraka Ramanagar1.403Bhupesh Gupta Nagar14RamalingeswarNagar2Budameru River/DrainInformation given in the following pages.FloodsFloods are caused by two rivers in the Vijayawada. One is Krishna River which is on the southern part of the city and the other is Budameru River which is on the North- Western part of the city. Both these rivers contribute to the canal network. Bandar canal and Ryves canal are fed by Krishna River while Eluru canal is fed by Krishna River and partially by Budameru River. The contribution of water from Budameru is mostly seasonal and the canal networks are used to unloose excess/flood waters.The topography of the city is complex. The central part of the city is above flood plain with hills while gray and Northern parts of the city are on flood plain. This problem was realized by the irrigation department in later half of twentieth deoxycytidine monophosphate and bunds were constructed along canals to prevent flood waters from entering the city.The floods in Vijayawada city due to Krishna River, is a regular phenomenon. Almost every monsoon people living in the flood plains of Krishna River are affected.Krishna FloodsThe essential reason for the flooding is the unauthorized settlements along the river which had taken place due to lack of planning and enforcement.Flood in the River Krishna are both due to South West Monsoon in the middle of June and continues up to end of September and North East Monsoon begins in October and continues till end of November. gritty floods ordinarily occur during October.History of HazardIn general, flooding by the Krishna River is a regular phenomenon. The floo d history of Krishna River indicates that its flow is uncertain. With the embankments in place the river flows bank to bank almost once in every five years or twice every decade. This time span of five years unremarkably encourages low economic class people to settle on the flood bank. Further the presence of embankments provide a stupid sense of security to the people and also encourages people who are on the river bed that soon the government is going to construct a embankment that will protect their house. With the rapid increase in population, large numbers of people end up occupying the area between the flood bank along the Bandar canal and the Krishna River. These areas are subjected to regular flooding during monsoons. In order to safe guard the people and the livelihood the Irrigation department constructed a flood bank parallel to the old bund including the unauthorized settlements which had come up. This structure was intentional to prevent the settlements from flooding . The old flood bank was then converted to serve the purpose of transportation (currently NH5). The people who were earlier residing in flood plain were provided with sound ownership and the area was included within the city town planning scheme. year Wise observed Maximum Floods in Krishna RiverSl.No.DateMonthYearCusecsU/S SideD/S SideBarrage1.7thOct190310,60,830(+)70.55(+)69.5523.502.11thAug19149,48,632(+)68.20(+)67.9521.153.2ndNov19179,55,460(+)68.10(+)67.2521.054.24thSep19499,24,736(+)68.15(+)66.0021.105.2ndOct19649,87,852(+)68.25(+)65.3023.206.6thAug19664,12,734(+)57.95(+)55.9012.907.thirtiethSept19745.97.800(+)60.65(+)58.4015.608.10thJuly19838,27,310(+)64.05(+)62.3519.009.24thJuly19896,86,910(+)61.95(+)55.016.9010.17thOct19989,32,000(+)65.45(+)63.3020.0411.21stSept20057,40,232(+)62.65(+)60.0017.6012.17thAug20065,56,618(+)59.85(+)57.6014.8013.21stSept20075,56,618(+)59.85(+)57.6014.8014.11thAug20084,22,660(+)57.55(+)55.2012.5015.5thOct200910,94,422(+)68.78(+)67.5023.47Source Irr igation DeptThe maximum flood discharge observed during the year 1903 is 10.60 hundred thousand cusecs. After the construction of the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam in the upstream of the river, during the year 1998 Krishna River received a maximum flood discharge of 9.32 lakh cusec and caused alarming situation throughout the flood banks below the Prakasam Barrage. Subsequently the flood banks of Krishna River were restored to original standards during the year 1999 to 2000.These restorations did not include flood banks which are within and nearby Vijayawada city namely Krishna Left Flood Bank (upstream of Prakasam Barrage) and Krishnalanka Flood Bank (downstream of Prakasam Barrage).Reasons for Krishna FloodThis region receives maximum rainfall both by southwest and retreating monsoons.The primary reason for the flooding is the unauthorized settlements along the river which had taken place due to lack of planning and enforcement.Vijayawada is located on the line which separates the delta-irr igated lands.Flood bank below barrage is about 6.40 km which creates havoc in flood season from June to December.High Water release at time from barrage with 4, 12,734 to 10, and 94,422 Cusecs of water released in various years.Developmental activities like sluice connectivity to into the river is causing back water (3 sluices connected into river).Bund cutting for public private developmental activities (ex sluice, storm water drains) approach roads for bigger vehicles.Allotting the residential areas officially in flood zone. Ex Police colony.Breach occurrence and damages occurred to the flood bank with slips and erosion.With little definitive power over the settlements along the flood banks, the irrigation department is unable to attend swiftly in vulnerable areas.This situation is further complicated by the false hope provided by the politicians in their campaigns during elections that they would support these illegal settlements. In order to gain vote, some of them even promise to protect these people by ensure that once they are elected they would legalize their settlements and will also revisiting the existing embankments. This measure was taken in 1970s when the location of embankments were changed to include people who are in the flood plains. bloom and location details of Flood affected areasElevation and location details of Flood affected areasAreaElevationLongitude analogueKrishna River37 Ft.Krishna Lanka86 Ft.1603017.70 N8003622.61 EKrishna Lanka72-83 Ft.1603012.64 N8003719.48 EP.N.Bus stand85 Ft.1603030.54 N8003659.67 EVMC97 Ft.1603038.41 N8003642.15 EKrishna Lanka Tardwra62-73-74Ft.1603727. 80N8003011.79 ERanadhive Nagar74-79 Ft.1603020.69 N8003712.75 EBus Stand back69 Ft.1603022.00 N8003700.54 EBhupesh GuptaNagar55-64 Ft.1602946.92 N8003807.91 ERamalingeswaraNagar UGD53 Ft.1602907.94 N8003921.17 EPolice Colony59 Ft.1602908.01 N8003924.18 EK.R.Market81 Ft.1603048.62 N8003649.36 EIndira GandhiStadium70 Ft.1603017.72 N8003817.23 ERTC Colony85 Ft. 1603151.24 N8003615.21 EGannavaram80 Ft.1603150.99 N8004745.57 EPatamata girls HighSchool69 Ft.1602943.39 N8004005.38 EKrishna River atPunnami52 Ft.1603128.76 N8003508.48 EPunnami Ghat82 Ft.1603134.71 N8003516.88 ESource Irrigation Dept listen of vulnerable areas to the Krishna floodVulnerabilitypopulationareaAreaKrishna Flood155571.15Lanchi Revu157221.88karakattaKrishna Flood158142.81Police colony147980.65Bhupesh Gupta nagar146080.5Tarakaramanagar147251.46Randheer Nagar154180.72153201.92Busstand(back)Saibabatemple12196211.09Source irrigation DeptBudameru FloodsThe Budameru River flows from the North Western part of the Krishna District. The river originates in the hills surrounding Mylavaram and flows into Kolleru Lake. In order to control the floods the river is dammed at Velagaleru village, Budameru diversion enthrall (BDC) is constructed from Velagaleru to join Krishna River upstream of Prakasam barrage.Budameru River is mainly controlled at two areas before stint Vijayawada c ity. The first is the regulator across the Budameru drain at Velagaleru village and at Vijayawada Thermal Power Station (VTPS) which is located on the western part of the city on the upstream of Prakasam barrage. The Budameru River apart from flowing along the western part of the city towards the VTPS also enters the city from the north leading into the Budameru canal which runs parallel to Eluru Canal.The problem starts at the tail end of the monsoon, with the reservoir being almost full (but not to its full capacity) and the occurrence of severe rainfall. Since the mandate of the regulator management at Budameru is to fill the reservoir to its capacity and the uncertainty within the rainfall information the release from the regulator drain block, water flow from local catchment causes flooding usually in the northern part of the cityThe uncertainty in the rainfall is a common phenomenon within the Krishna Basin. This is especially due to the depressions and cyclones which form in both the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. This uncertainty combined with the limited carrying capacity of the river and the proximity of the Velagaleru Village regulator provides low respite time for both the administrative personnel to prevent the floods and people to prevent their losses. The design and establishment of the EWS should take into account of this important aspect.The Budameru flood assessment is based on the study of topography and location information collected from secondary sources. There was not much information made available with respect to the regulator release at the Velagaleru Village.Budameru canal has already been indiscriminately blocked by developments and encroachments resulting in thousands of people abandoning their shelters to safe places, loss of property, leaving unhygienic environment for weeks.Settlement along the river course, the vast land pockets on both the sides of the rivulet in New Rajarajeswari Peta, and the Rajeev Nagar area are the promin ent low lying areas prove to flood disaster.HistoryBudameru Water discharge during floodsQuantified Budameru Water discharge during floodsSl.No.Date YearDischarge ThroughTotalDischargein cusecsBudameru in cusecsDiversionChannel inCusecsBudameruCourseCusecs(belowreguletor)19.9.62590029238823222.8.636150616812318322.9.64111252847039595419.5.6975001858026080521.8.7152631963722610.8.7622251478417009731.7.786150163022245286.10.834250960013850913.8.86680013200200001023.7.891062524371349961111.5.90780024473322731223.9.91750018572260721324.8.200078503699115491420.9.20051094514000249451520.9.20059900710017000Source Irrigation DeptRainfall and Flood particularsRainfall and Flood particularsFlood flow (Cusecs)YearRainfall (MM)Flood flow (Cusecs)ActualNormal1988-8912641029243711989-9015801029244731990-919211029185722005-0612391034140002008-09118810347100Reasons for Budameru FloodsFlood plain tour Krishna River flooding affects to the flood plains on the outside of the embankments, but the Buda meru River affects the entire North and North western part of the city. This is mainly due to the limited carrying capacity of the Budameru river channel and lack of sufficient mechanisms to drain the excess water during severe rain into the Krishna River.The problem arises when Budameru catchment gets more than average rainfall within 24 48 hours. This leads to the reservoir in the Velagaleru village reach critical level forcing the irrigation department to release water causing floods in Vijayawada.Adding rain water from local catchment and Hills.2. The settlementsThe population growth of the city has led to the slow movement of people towards the foot of the hills, which later led to expansion in to the flood zones. Even though much of these settlements are unauthorized the municipality attempts to cater to the basic needs of these illegal settlements by providing services such as roads, water supply and sanitation. These privileges have further encouraged the settlements in exp anding in the high slope / risk prone areas.Other reasonsNon feasible house constructionsSilting of drainsBack water due to conjution in storm water (HB colony, Bhavnipuram) nip and tuck the road levels in flood pathOccupying the flood bundsCutting the bund for development activities like bus shelters, beautification etc (Singh Nagar)Less awareness about the situation and negligence about the problem among people.Besides this chocking storm rain water canals, sluice and back water also cause the Budameru flood severely and damage the lives and propertyElevation details of probable Flood affected areas with BudameruAreaElevationLongitudeLatitudeAjit Singh Nagar75 Ft.1603221.66 N8003828.52EVambay Colony68 Ft.1603214.17 N8003917.80ER.R.Pet72 Ft.1603159.80 N8003747.60EBudameru at NewR.R.Pet67 Ft.1603207.69 N8003753.65ERajeev Nagar67 Ft.1603215.18 N8003912.40ER.R.Peta field67 Ft.1603243.98 N8003725.68EJakkampudi91 Ft.1603501.71 N8003655.58ELBS Nagar68 Ft.1603259.87 N8003655.58EAndhra Pat rikaColony1603300.92 N8003841.56ERajeev Nagar64 Ft.1603322.73 N8003845.93ELBS Nagar68 Ft.1603257.55 N8003858.98E inclination of an orbit of Budameru flood effected areasBudameru effecting AreasS. No.populationArea(Sqkm)CircleDivisionAreas17744.50.64I29Rotary nagar, Ekalayvya nagar,Urmila subbarao nagar,ambedkar road,Kabela27396.50.4930KLRao Nagar7814.50.2131DeenadayalNagar,Ambedkar nagar478610.9427Ambedkar Road5152011.2528Housingboard colony, Labor colonySubtotal46017.53.5361015153550.33236DeenadayalNagar,Ambedkar nagar16130230.5649Old RR Peta17140924.2152

Benefits Of Technology In Business

Benefits Of engineering In BusinessThe term Technology is derived from the Greek word Technologia techne means craft and logia means the study of something. Technology is a truly broad concept and is used to refer to several braches of science and study. Some examples ar information applied science, medical technology, biotechnology, etc. As the term technology branches into miscellaneous fields of science and study, so do its benefits. Let us look at the benefits of technology in some major areas of day-to-day lifeBenefits of Technology in BusinessThe days when the Chief Information Officer (CIO) took implementation decisions and passed the responsibility down the line are pass. Today, the CIO is an individual who possesses ancestry as well as technical skills, understands the new IT issues facing a business, and drives the IT changes from the top down. This is a clear indicator of the benefits businesses are enjoying through the implementation of technology. Today technolog y is an integral part of any business right from the purchase of computers and software to the implementation of network and security tools. This helps businesses toRemain up-to-dateDrive business forward-movingSustain and survive competitionIn short, technology has become one of the signifi trickt factors that maximize an organizations ROI.Benefits of Technology in CommunicationFrom hand-held computers to touch phones, technological advancements in the field of communication are endless. The means and the modes of communication are unlimited. Some of the benefits of technological advancements in the field of communication areSpeed quantify is no longer a constraint in communicationClarity With megapixel images and video, and high fidelity audio systems clarity in communication has become a never-before experienceProximity technological advancements redeem made the world a smaller place to live inDissemination whether spreading information, broadcasting news, or sharing knowl edge, technology has made it faster, easier, and smarterBenefits of Technology in EducationTechnological advancements in the field of education are fast evolving. Today, e-learning is a familiar and democratic term. Some of the benefits of technology in this field arePersonalized learning experience Learners are able to take control and manage their own learning. They line up their own goals, manage the process and content of learning, and communicate with peers.Immediate response Most e-learning programs provide immediate feedbacks on learner assessments. Similarly there are features such as chat, discussion boards, e-libraries, etc that allow clarifications at a faster pace than in traditional classrooms.Self-paced Learners can chart courses at their own pace. This en trues high levels of motivation both in terms of completing the course as well as in performance.Greater entre Technological advancements accept unresolved education to learners with learning disabilities and in remote locations.Benefits of Technology in HealthcareThe marriage between medicine and technology has reshaped healthcare and revolutionized the medical profession. Some of the major benefits areSecure environment Technology allows physicians and patients to interact in a secure and comfortable environment to discuss sensitive issues.Flexibility Physicians can manage routine and less critical queries at a convenient time.Cost- and time-saving Physicians can follow-up, provide advice, and re-direct patients to resources on the Internet. This saves cost and time by reducing office visits. medical examination devices Medical aids allow patients to continue recovery at syndicate reducing their hospital stay.Vulnerable population Technology aids the very young, elderly, and patients with Byzantine birth defects, chronic illnesses, and disabled children by alleviating their problems so that they can continue living in their homes.Benefits of Technology in SocietyToday technology perva des closely all aspects of our daily life from shopping, banking, making travel arrangements to university admissions. Some of the benefits areConvenience Provides a great deal of convenience in expediting personal and business transactions be it shopping, banking, or simply reaching bills.Speed From sending gifts to making payments everything gets a done with a few chatters.Communication The world is a smaller place and technology allows everyone to keep in touch with their families and friends at a more than affordable cost.Accuracy Technology has reduced errors in tellurian and monotonous chores, saving time and cost.Development Technology has brought about development in many fields such as medicine, government, business, education, etc.Technology has evolved and modify our lives and society. Overall, it has brought about tremendous growth and benefit to mankind.What Are the Benefits of Technology in Business?Whats This?Technological advances in the past few decades have g reatly increase the competitive nature of the economic business world. Companies have used software, computers and the Internet to transform their businesses from local places of business to national and global market competitors. Many companies have responded to these changes by automating their business processes and capturing industry-related information and using it to their advantage. Technology has also forced businesses to remain flexible, obligeing their operations to newer and better technological advances.Better Reporting FunctionsCompanies that have triune locations, whether nationally or globally, have used technology to implement better communication services and software modules that communicate to a home base via the Internet. This allows companies to screen new economic markets without sacrificing the needs of communication or financial and operational reporting. Additionally, companies can improve their management information system (MIS) to capture information fo r detail locations when making business decisions.Financial reporting has also benefited greatly from technology rather than sending external auditors to multiple locations, it is possible to create a centralised accounting office to record and report financial transactions. This improves financial reporting and lessens the expense related to external audits.Increased Employee ProductivityComputers and business software packages have exponentially increased employees productivity by allowing them to provide data entry functions or review automated reports. Companies have automated several traditional manufacturing processes sort of of using manpower to manually create and assemble goods, machines and/or robots now complete these functions. While these improvements may increase capital expenditures, they lessen the impact of lucid labor expenses related to productions. Fewer employees are needed to monitor the machines and ensure they are working properly.Other areas, such as cust omer service, accounting and administrative support, have also seen an increase in employee productivity. Employees now review and report electronically collected data to ensure they are accurate and timely, rather than manually gathering information.Improved Business MobilityTechnology has also improved companies sales and service departments by allowing employees to use personal electronic devices to create sales displays and bare orders and customer information to the home office. These electronic devices shorten the lead time companies spend on receiving and delivering goods or services, creating an instant competitive advantage in the industry. Companies can also send sales representatives to multiple markets at the same time, allowing them to penetrate multiple markets with few overhead costs. Companies may allow their internal employees to work from home using a company Internet connection, reducing the fixed overhead expenses from a large corporate office.Read more What Are the Benefits of Technology in Business? eHow.com http//www.ehow.com/list_5990693_benefits-technology-business_.htmlixzz0rNlSC9sCEffects of Technology on BusinessBusinesses have been at the forefront of technology for ages. Whatever can speed production will unpack in more business. As computers emerged in the 20th century, they promised a new age of information technology. But in order to reap the benefits, businesses needed to adapt and change their infrastructure. For example, American Airlines started using a computerized flight booking system, and Bank of America took on an automated check-processing system.Obviously, now, most business is conducted over personal computers or communication devices. Computers offer companies a way to organize dense databases, personal schedules and various other forms of essential information.As information travels faster and faster and more reliably, barriers of distance disappear, and businesses are realizing how easy it is to source jobs o verseas. Outsourcing refers to the practice of hiring employees who work outside the company or remotely and even halfway across the world. Companies can outsource duties such as computer programming and telephone customer service. They can even outsource fast-food restuarant service dont be surprised if youre putting in your burger order with a fast-food employee working in a different country entirely. Outsourcing is a controversial practice, and many believe that U.S. companies who take part are ache the job market in their own country. Nonetheless, from a business perspective, it seems like the wisest route, saving companies between 30 and 70 percent source Otterman.Another technology thats showtime to revolutionize business is actually not very new its just cheaper these days. Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is infiltrating and changing business significantly in a few ways. Microchips that store information (such as a number equivalent of a barcode and ev en an up-to-date history of the chips travels) can be addicted to product, and this helps companies keep track of their inventory.Some businesses have even begun to use RFID chip implants in humans to tighten security. An access control reader detects the chips signal and permits the employee access to the door. But many people are concerned about privacy issues if this were to become widespread practice.Handheld devices like BlackBerries have become wildly prevalent for businesses because they let users check and send email from anywhere, and browse the Internet.Internet BusinessThe Internet enables airlines to provide online flight booking, banks to offer online account management and bill pay and allows any company to sell any product online. In general, the Internet has proven to be an inexpensive way to reach more customers. Nowadays, if you cant honour a business online, or if it has an outdated, ugly Web site, it looks downright unprofessional.Many businesses have succeede d in using the Internet as their primary, or sometimes only, medium. (Youre, of course, cognisant of this, given that youre reading a HowStuffWorks article. HowStuffWorks started as a hobby for college professor Marshall Brain, and it eventually grew into successful company.)Small businesses, too, have become easier to start up using the Internet. If youre a stay-at-home mom who makes a killer batch of cookies, you can easily sell them over the Internet and ship them to your customers.But, its not eternally as simple as it sounds. Any business conducted online must consider security, privacy or even copyright issues. Copyright issues would include making sure your business doesnt use someone elses original work (such as a logo, for instance) or even making sure no one else is profiting from your businesss creative work. whiz of the biggest ways the Internet has changed business is through targeted advertising. Using Google, companies can specify the keywords that will drive certai n customers to their ad. For instance, if you were to plug the word baking into Google, you might click on a page from epicurious.com. That epicurious page will have Google ads from sponsors who sell baking-related products. A company that sells rolling pins can pay to have its ads show up for people who search for specific words, like baking, pies or dough. It makes good business sense people who search for baking on Google will be more than more likely to click on a rolling pin ad than the average person.Despite what weve discussed in this article, we havent even scratched the surface of what new technology can do for business communications. The next page provides links to even more articles on information technology and products that have business implications.

Analysis Of Primary Colors Essay -- essays research papers

Politics is a bloodsport, one big patch of corruption, muckraking, prostitution, and defilement, which is played by the politicians, the media, and the seemingly innocent public that tends to lug that politicians ar humans also, no better than the masses except for one thing, the ability to play the game. Primary Colors by Anonymous portrays this fraudulent game perfectly, exhibiting completely of the dark aspects of a political campaign from the vicious media in their pursuit of scandals, to the traitorousness of opposing candidates to destroy each different, all the way to the closelipped sexual interactions taking place during the campaigning process. Yet in this vice-corrupted novel, Anonymous also manages to let the human side of the tainted politicians shine through, showing that they be imperfect, that they have flaws and weaknesses, and that they make mistakes in exactly the same fashion as all other human beings do. It is with these decadent political figures, damn Stanton and Freddy Picker, that Anonymous in Primary Colors shows that there is still a nobleness to politics, a dedication to the voters, a love of the political game, and a human compassion in all of it. It is important to mention the definition of noble in order to avoid misunderstanding the word, for according to the Microsoft Encarta 97 Encyclopedia, the definition of noble is stately and imposing of disinterested nature, and referring to The Merriam-Webster Dictionary, noble means characterized by or indicative of virtue or magnanimity high minded imposing of appearance grand impressive (475). twain definitions of the word noble imply that a person can have a noble appearance and that a persons main objectives and actions are noble, but one should keep in mind that even noble people are not perfect people. This is especially true with the characters of son of a bitch Stanton and Freddy Picker. Jack Stantons appearance, especially when he is presenting himself to the public, doing what he loves bestmingling with the folks, is noble. The public looks up to him, he was a big fellow (Anon., 1) and the manner in which he interacts with the people, his meaningful handshakes and physical contact to them, truly listening to them, always remembering their names, and considering them friends is exemplary of nobleness. On the other hand, Freddy Pickers appearance is completely different, a trim... ...le confessing to Stanton that he is afraid of the medias power to destroy his life, and Stanton immediately rushes to hug him, rocks him gently, and kisses him on the top of his head while Picker cries on Stantons thorax (495). The action speaks for itself two grown men, tough political figures, becoming as loving and caring as a mother with her child--true human compassion.Even in the fierce and heartless business of politics, certain noble human attributes such as a dedication to the public, a love of the game of politics, and the compassion share in this sport are necessary for politicians, such as Jack Stanton and Freddy Picker, to succeed. Through Primary Colors, Anonymous truly depicts their imperfections, defects, and addictions in such manner that the endorser realizes that these characters can not be perfect just because they are politicians. Although political figures are in the public eye, they are human like every other person and the pressure and demand to be faultless by the public is unreasonable and superlative. Politicians imperfection is best summarized by Anonymous character, Jack Stanton This is about the ability to lead. Its not about perfection (503).

Analysis of Heaneys Mid-Term Break Essay -- Heaney Mid-Term Break Poe

Reading a story or song about death is ordinarily sad and overtly predictable. However, Seamus Heaney inverts this mundane typicality to turn out a numbers shrouded in mystery. The main aspects of Heaneys poetry Mid-Term Break are the plot development and how the diction sets the shady tone that slowly reveals the mystery. One technique Heaney delectations is diction, which aids in plot development. In the initiatory stanza he uses oral communication that draw out the stanza and make it face to inhabit a long time. In the first line the use of the word all drags out the line. The sense of time is apparent in this first stanza. The second line, Counting bells knelling classes to a close, uses words that describe him listening and counting the bells that signal when class is out. This use of description emphasizes or supports the preceding line I sat all morning in the college sick bay. Finally the reader is given a time, At twain o clock our neighbors drove me home. The circumstance that the neighbors drove him home makes the reader skepticism why that is the case. Up to this point the reader is not aware that a death in the family is the reason the boy is coming home. It could be that the boy himself is sick. In the second stanza the boy is home and sees his father crying. The reader now knows that someone died, but who is still a mystery. The use of dashes at the end of the first two lines of the second stanza aids in lengthening the stanza similarly to the first stanza but in a more dark way. The pause after his father is crying gives the reader a taste of what is happening. Then the dash after funerals in his stride, gives a pause to really lend about a somber tone. The last line of the third stanza, And Big Jim Evans saying it was... ...box. The plot is almost fully revealed but there is still the last line, A four piece box, a foot for every year. All the mysteries are revealed with this last line. The fearful last line when the rea der finds out that the boy s four-year-old brother was killed. The reader in like manner finds out in the next to last line that a car hit him. The structure Heaney uses in this poem is what makes the poem intriguing. If he stated in the first stanza that the boy s little brother had died and he was leaving school to go see him the poem would be just another poem about death. Heaney slowly reveals the situation through his gradual plot development. The tone and the plot development lead to the shocking final line, a four foot box, a foot for every year. It is not until the final line that the reader knows that the deceased is the narrator s four-year-old brother. compend of Heaneys Mid-Term Break Essay -- Heaney Mid-Term Break PoeReading a story or poem about death is usually sad and overtly predictable. However, Seamus Heaney inverts this mundane typicality to deliver a poem shrouded in mystery. The main aspects of Heaneys poem Mid-Term Break are the plot develo pment and how the diction sets the somber tone that slowly reveals the mystery. One technique Heaney uses is diction, which aids in plot development. In the first stanza he uses words that draw out the stanza and make it seem to last a long time. In the first line the use of the word all drags out the line. The sense of time is apparent in this first stanza. The second line, Counting bells knelling classes to a close, uses words that describe him listening and counting the bells that signal when class is out. This use of description emphasizes or supports the preceding line I sat all morning in the college sick bay. Finally the reader is given a time, At two o clock our neighbors drove me home. The fact that the neighbors drove him home makes the reader question why that is the case. Up to this point the reader is not aware that a death in the family is the reason the boy is coming home. It could be that the boy himself is sick. In the second stanza the boy is home and sees his fa ther crying. The reader now knows that someone died, but who is still a mystery. The use of dashes at the end of the first two lines of the second stanza aids in lengthening the stanza similarly to the first stanza but in a more somber way. The pause after his father is crying gives the reader a taste of what is happening. Then the dash after funerals in his stride, gives a pause to really bring about a somber tone. The last line of the third stanza, And Big Jim Evans saying it was... ...box. The plot is almost fully revealed but there is still the final line, A four foot box, a foot for every year. All the mysteries are revealed with this last line. The shocking last line when the reader finds out that the boy s four-year-old brother was killed. The reader also finds out in the next to last line that a car hit him. The structure Heaney uses in this poem is what makes the poem intriguing. If he stated in the first stanza that the boy s little brother had died and he was leaving sch ool to go see him the poem would be just another poem about death. Heaney slowly reveals the situation through his gradual plot development. The tone and the plot development lead to the shocking final line, a four foot box, a foot for every year. It is not until the final line that the reader knows that the deceased is the narrator s four-year-old brother.